BOOK Vir. Lvi. 198-201 



Corinth. Carpentry was invented by Daedalus, 

 and with it the saw, axe, plumb-line, gimlet, glue, 

 isinglass ; but the square, the plummet, the lathe and 

 the lever by Thcodorus of Samos, measui-es and 

 weights by Phidon of Argos, or, as Gelhus preferred, 

 Palamedes ; fire from flint by Pyrodes son of Cihx, 

 the storing of fire in a fennel-stalk by Prometheus ; 

 a vehicle \vith four wheels by the Phrygians, trade 

 by the Phoenicians, viticulture and arboriculture by 

 Eumolpus of Athens, diluting wine with water by 

 Staphylus son of Silenus, oil and oil-mills by Aristaeus 

 of Athens, honey by the same ; the ox and the plough 

 by Buzyges " of Athens, or, as others say, by Tripto- 

 lemus ; monarchical government by the Egyptians, 

 repubhcan by the Athenians after Theseus. The 

 first tyrant was Phalaris at Girgenti. Slavery was 

 invented by the Spartans. Capital trials were first 

 carried on in the Areopagus. 



The Africans first fought with clubs (called poles) weajxmsof 

 in a war against the Egyptians. Shields were in- Zvention of. 

 vented by Proetus and Acrisius in making war 

 against each other, or else by Chalcus son of Athamas ; 

 the breastplate by Midias of Messene, the helmet, 

 sword and spear by the Spartans, greaves and helmet- 

 plumes by the Carians. The bow and arrow is said 

 by some to have been invented by Scythes son of 

 Jove ; others say that arrows were invented by 

 Perses son of Perseus, lances by the Aetohans, the 

 spear slung with a thong by Aetolus son of Mars, 

 spears for skirmishing by Tyrrhenus, the javehn by 

 the same, the battle-axe by Penthesilea the Amazon, 

 hunting-spears and among missile engines the 

 sc"orpion by Pisaeus, the catapult by the Cretans, the 

 ballista and the shng by the Syrophoenicians, the 



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