BOOK XI. Lvii. T56-LX. 159 



hard. The old name for the edge of the upper eyelid 

 was cilium ; hence our word for the brows. When 

 the eyelid is cleft by a wound it does not grow to- 

 gether again, as is the case with a few other parts 

 of tlie human body. 



LVIII. Only man has cheeks below the eyes (the Thechteh-s 

 old word for the cheeks was genae, used in the Twelve 

 Tables in the prohibition of women's lacerating 

 them)." The cheeks are the seat of modesty : on 

 them a blush is most visible. 



LIX. The face between the cheek-bones displays Thenose. 

 merriment and laughter, and higher up, but in man 

 only, stands the nose, which modern fashion has made 

 the organ of sly mockery. No other animal has pro- 

 jecting nostrils, birds, snakes and fishes only having 

 apertures for smelling, Avithout nostrils and this is 

 the origin of the surnames Snubby and Pug. Seven- 

 month children have frequently been born lacking 

 the apertures of the ears and nostrils. 



LX. The viviparous species have Hps — whence the Themouth. 

 surnames Lippy and Blubber-lips — and a well-shaped 

 or rather harsh mouth. Instead of lips birds have 

 pointed beaks of horn, which are hooked in birds of 

 prey, straight in those that live by pecking, and 

 broad in those that dig up grass and mud, like the 

 snouts of the swine class. Cattle use their mouths 

 instead of a hand for gathering fodder. Beasts that 

 live by tearing up their prey have mouths that open 

 wider. 



No creature but man has a chin, any more than Thejaw. 

 cheeks. The crocodile moves only the upper jaw; 

 four-footed land animals open the mouth in the same 

 way as all other creatures and in addition move the 

 lower jaw sideways. 



531 



