BOOK XI. xciv. 231-XCV. 234 



Boiling oxhide produces glue; bulFs hide makes 

 the best. 



XCV. Man is the only species in which the male Theiacti- 

 has teats ; with the rest of the animals there are only ^^i^, 

 the marks of teats. But with the females also only 

 those have teats on the breast that are able to lift 

 their offspring up to them. No oviparous species has 

 teats ; and only the viviparous have milk. Among 

 flying species only the bat has milk, as I think the 

 story about screech-owls, that they drop milk from 

 their teats into the mouths of babies, is a fabrication. 

 It is an ackowledged fact that even in old days the 

 screech-owl was one of the creatm^es under a curse, 

 but what particular bird is meant I believe to be 

 uncertain. 



With asses the teats are painful after foaling, and 

 consequently they refuse to suckle their foals after 

 five months, whereas mares give suck almost a 

 whole year. Whole-hooved species that never have 

 more than tAvo foals all have two dugs, and these 

 always between the thighs. Animals with cloven 

 feet and horns have the dugs in the same place, 

 cows having four and sheep and goats two. Those 

 that bear large Htters and that have toes on the 

 feet have more dugs, and these in a double row the 

 whole length of the belly — for instance swine, of 

 which the good breeds have twelve dugs and the 

 common ones two less ; similarly with dogs. Some 

 species have four dugs in the middle of the belly, 

 for instance leopards, others two, for instance 

 honesses. The elephant has only two dugs be- 

 neath the shoulders and not on the breast but close 

 to it, concealed under the shoulder-blades. None 

 of the species with toes have dugs beneath the thighs. 



579 



