BOOK XI. cv. 254-cvn. 256 



same animals have no pastern-bone, but those with 

 eloven hooves have one. Pastem-bones are also 

 lacking in animals having toes, and no animal has 

 them in the forefeet. The cameFs pastern-bones 

 resemble those of the ox but are a little smaller ; for 

 the camers foot is divided in two by a veiy small 

 cleft, and is fleshy at the tread Hke a bear's, for which 

 reason a cameFs feet are liable to split on too long a 

 journey without shoeing. 



CVI. Only with animals of the draueht kind do the Hoovesand 



, -^ . T 1 • Tii • • Pasiems. 



hooves grow agam. In some places in lllyria pigs 

 have solid hooves. Horned animals mostly have 

 cloven hooves. No species has both solid hooves 

 and two horns ; the only animal with one horn is the 

 rhinoceros, and the only one with one horn and 

 cloven hooves the antelope. The rhinoceros is the 

 only solid-hooved animal that has pastern-bones, 

 for pigs are thought to belong to both classes, and 

 consequently their pastern-bones are mis-shapen. 

 Persons who have thought that a human being has 

 pastern-bones have been easily refuted. Of the 

 animals with toes only the lynx has something 

 resembling a pastern-bone, and the Uon a still more 

 twisted one. But the true pastern-bone is at the 

 ankle-joint, projecting with a hollow bulge and 

 attached with a ligature onto the joint. 



CVIL Some birds have toes, others are web- Birds' feet. 

 footed, and others intermediate, with separate toes 

 but also broad feet ; but all have four toes, three in 

 front and one at the heel — the latter however absent 

 in some long-legged species ; the wry-neck alone 

 has two toes on either side of the foot. The same 

 bird has a tongue like a snake's which it stretches 

 out a long way, and it turns its neck round towards 



593 



