26 



George W. Fuller 



\/ 



and odors (Reading and Springfield). These problems have all 

 been carefully studied in small test devices for securing data neces- 

 sary for advantageous design and operation. 



Sewage purification has also been studied under various local 

 conditions at several places, especially at Worcester, Mass.; Paw- 

 tucket, R. I.; Berlin, Ont.; the Institute of Technology, Boston; 

 Columbus, Ohio; and Waterbury, Conn. In most cases the sewage 

 studies have arisen because of inability or great expense in applying 

 the well-known Massachusetts method of intermittent filtration 

 through sand, or because of peculiarities of the local sewage. 



A partial hst of the more prominent investigations as to purifying 

 water and sewage, with dates and approximate costs, is as follows: 



List of Special Investigations on Water and Sewage Purification. 



Place 



Lawrence, Mass 



Pro\ndence, R.I 



Louiswlle, Ky 



Reading, Pa 



Pittsburgh, Pa 



Cincinnati, Ohio 



West Superior, Wis 



Washington, D. C 



Richmond, Va 



New Orleans, La \. 



Worcester, Mass. . . .'l.V^O-.'. 



Philadelphia, Pa 



Springfield, Mass 



Harrisburg, Pa 



Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston. 



Columbus, Ohio 



Waterburv, Conn 



Total 



Date 



1887 to date 

 1893-94 

 1895-97 



1897 

 1897-98 

 I 898-99 

 1898-99 



1899-1900 



1900 



1900-1 



1900 to Mate 

 1900-5 

 1901-3 

 1903-4 



1903 to date 

 1904-S 



1905 to date 



Work 



Water and sewage 

 Water 



Sewage 

 Water 



Sewage 



Sewage and water 



Sewage 



Approximate 

 Cost 



$175,000 

 5.000 



47-395 

 I,SOO 



36,286 



41,588 



2,000 



8,000 



2,000 



23,606 



37,000 



172,000 



18,000 



25,000 



20,000 



44,004 



10,000 



668,379 



It is not pretended that the above list is complete. In fact, 

 there are other tests which, while small and of short duration, have 

 had much to do with professional opinion. Perhaps the most 

 important were demonstrations at Louisville and St. Louis, many 

 years ago, that plain sand filtration was incapable of treating the 

 muddy Ohio and Mississippi River waters after plain sedimenta- 

 tion in large basins. 



The benefit derived from the experience of the owners of propri- 

 etary devices cannot be overlooked — especially in regard to various 

 appliances of mechanical filters which occasioned the expenditure 

 of much money before being brought to their present state of devel- 

 opment. At Louisville alone the five competing filter companies 



