CHAPTER XV 



THE SCIENCE OF FOSSIL REMAINS 



It gradually dawned on the minds of men that the crust 

 of the earth is like a gigantic mausoleum, containing within it 

 the remains of numerous and varied forms of life that for- 

 merly existed upon the surface of the earth. The evidence 

 is clear that untold generations of living forms, now pre- 

 served as fossils, inhabited the earth, disported themselves, 

 and passed away long before the advent of man. The knowl- 

 edge of this fossil life, on account of its great diversity, is 

 an essential part of biology, and all the more so from the 

 circumstance that many forms of life, remains of which 

 are exhibited in the rocks, have long since become extinct. 

 No history of biology would be complete without an account 

 of the rise and progress of that department of biology which 

 deals with fossil remains. 



It has been determined by collecting and systematically 

 studying the remains of this ancient life that they bear testi- 

 mony to a long, unbroken history in which the forms of both 

 animals and plants have been greatly altered. The more 

 ancient remains are simple in structure, and form with the 

 later ones, a series that exhibits a gradually increasing com- 

 plexity of structure. The study of the fossil series has 

 brought about a very great extension of our knowledge 

 regarding the age of the world and of the conditions under 

 which life was evolved. 



Strange Views Regarding Fossils. — But this state of our 

 knowledge was a long time coming, and in the development 



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