476 



INDEX 



Organic evolution, doctrine of, 347- 

 373; influence of, on embryology, 

 225; theories of, 374-414; rise of 

 evolutionary thought, 415-441; 

 sweep of the doctrine of, 372 



Orthogenesis, 413 



Osborn, quoted, 10, 410; in pa- 

 laeontology, 341 



Owen, 161, 334 



Palaeontology, Cuvier founds verte- 

 brate, 327; of the Fayum district, 

 343; Lamarck founder of inverte- 

 brate, 328; Agassiz, 334; Cope, 

 339; Huxley, 337; Lyell, 332; 

 Marsh, 339; Osborn, 341; Owen, 

 334; William Smith, 330; steps 

 in the rise of, 331 



Pander, germ-layer theory, 218 



Pangenesis, Darwin's theory of, 307 



Pasteur, on fermentation, 294; 

 spontaneous generation, 288; in- 

 oculation for hydrophobia, 299; 

 investigation of microbes, 298; 

 personality, 296; portrait, 295; 

 his supreme service, 299; venera- 

 tion of, 294 



Pasteur Institute, foundation of, 

 299; work of, 300 



Pearson, Karl, and ancestral inher- 

 itance, 321 



Philosophie Anatomique of St. Hi- 

 laire, 424 



Philosophie Zoologique of Lamarck, 



381 



Physiologus, the sacred natural his- 

 tory, 110-112 



Physiology, of the ancients, 179; 

 rise of, 179-194; period of Har- 

 vey, 180; of Haller, 1S1; of J. 

 M tiller, 184; great influence of 

 Miiller, 185; after Miiller, 188 



Piltdown Skull, 370 



Pithecanthropus erectus, 343, 369 



Pliny, portrait, 16 



Pouchet, on spontaneous generation, 

 286 



Pre-delineation, theory of, 206; rise 

 of, Malpighi, 207, Swammerdam, 

 208, Wolff, 210 



Pre-formation. See Pre-delineation 



Primitive race of men, 366 



Protoplasm, 259; discovery of, 250, 

 262; doctrine and sarcode, 270, 



273; its movements, 261; naming 



of, 269; its powers, 260 

 Protozoa, discovery of, 104; growth 



of knowledge concerning, 104-109 

 Purkinje, portrait, 267 



Rathke, in comparative anatomy, 



163; in embryology, 223 

 Ray, John, 115; portrait, 116; and 



species, 117 

 Reaumur, 96; portrait, 98 

 Recapitulation theory, 230 

 Recent tendencies, in biology, 445; 



in embryology, 232 

 Redi, earliest experiments on the 



generation of life, 279; portrait, 



280 

 Remak, in embryology, 223 

 Roesel, on insects, 95; portrait, 97 

 Romanes, 413 



Sarcode and protoplasm, 273, 275 



Scala Naturae, 131 



Scale of being, 131 



Schaudinn, Studies on Protozoa, 

 303; other contributions, 304; 

 portrait, 304 



Schleiden, 243; contribution to the 

 cell-theory, 248; personality, 247; 

 portrait, 246 



Schultze, Max, establishes the proto- 

 plasm doctrine, 272; in histology, 

 172; portrait, 273 



Schulze, Franz, on spontaneous gen- 

 eration, 284 



Schwann, and the cell-theory, 242, 

 244, 248, 249; in histology, 171; 

 and spontaneous generation, 284 



Science, of the ancients, return to, 

 112; conditions under which it 

 developed, 8; biological, 4 



Servetus, on circulation of the blood, 



Severinus, in comparative anatomy, 



143; portrait, 143 

 Sexual selection, 388 

 Shells, evolution of, 354, 355 

 Siebold, Von, 134, 135; portrait, 135 

 Silkworm, Malpighi on, 63; Pasteur 



on, 299 

 Smith, Wm., in geology, 330 

 Spallanzani, experiments on genera- 

 tion, 282; portrait, 283 





