466 



INDEX 



imental method, 47; at Padua, 41; 

 period in physiology, 180; per- 

 sonal appearance and cjualities, 

 42, 44, 45; portrait, 44; pred- 

 ecessors of, 48; ciucstion as to 

 his originality, 46; his teacher, 43; 

 writings, 45 



Heredity, 305; a cellular study, 257; 

 according to Darwin, 307; Weis- 

 niann, 309; application of statis- 

 tics to, 314; inheritance of ac- 

 quired characters, 314; steps in 

 advance of knowledge of, 308 



Hertwig, Oskar, portrait, 231; ser- 

 vice in embryology, 232; Rich- 

 ard, quoted, 125 



Hilaire, St., portrait, 416; see St. 

 Hilaire 



His, Wilhelm, 232; portrait, 233 



Histology, birth of, 166-178; Bichat 

 its founder, 170; normal and 

 pathological, 172; text-books of, 

 177 



Hooke, Robert, 55; his microscope 

 illustrated, 55 



Hooker, letter on the work of Dar- 

 win and Wallace, 420-422 



Horse, evolution of, 354 



Human ancestry, links in, 364, 365 



Human body, evolution of, 363 



Human fossils, 340, 364 



Hunter, John, 144; portrait, 145 



Huxley, in comparative anatomy, 

 161; influence on biology, 430; in 

 palaeontology, 335; portrait, 430 



Inheritance, alternative, Mendel, 

 316; ancestral, 318; Darwin's 

 theory of, 306; material basis of, 

 31 1-3 13; nature of, 305 



Inheritance of acquired characters, 

 314; Lamarck on, 377; Weis- 

 mann on, 398 



Inquiry, the arrest of, 17 



Insects, anatomy of, Dufour, 106; 

 Malpighi, 63; illustration, 65; 

 Newport, 100; Leydig, 102; Straus- 

 Diirckheim, 96; Swammerdam, 

 70, 75; illustration, 76; theology 

 of, 91 



Jardin du Roi changed to Jardin des 

 Plantes, 372 



Jennings, on animal behavior, 109^ 



441 

 Jonston, 114 



K 



Klein, 118 



Koch, Robert, discoveries of, 300; 



portrait, 301 

 Koelliker, in embryology, 224; in 



histology, 171; portrait, 173 

 Kowalevsky, in embryology, 224; 



portrait, 225 



Lacaze-Duthiers, 158; portrait, 159 

 Lamarck, changes from botany to 

 zoology, 372; compared with 

 Cuvier, 327; education, 371; first 

 announcement of his evolutionary 

 views, 375; forerunners of, 411; 

 first use of a genealogical tree, 131 ; 

 founds invertebrate palaeontology, 

 326; on heredity, 377; laws of 

 evolution, 376; military experi- 

 ence, 370; opposition to, 414; 

 Philosophic Zoologique, 375 ; por- 

 trait, 373; position in science, 132; 

 salient points in his theory, 378; 

 his theory of evolution, 374; com- 

 pared with that of Darwin, 390, 

 391; time and favorable condi- 

 tions, 378; use and disuse, 374 

 Leeuwenhoek, 77-87; new bio- 

 graphical facts, 78; capillary 

 circulation, 84, 85, sketch of, 83; 

 comparison with Malpighi and 

 Swammerdam, 87; discovery of 

 the protozoa, 105; other discov- 

 eries, 85; and histology, 178; his 

 microscopes, 81; pictures of, 82, 

 83; occupation of, 78; portrait, 

 79; scientific letters, 83; theoreti- 

 cal views, 86 

 Leibnitz, 208 



Leidy in palaeontology, 337 

 Lesser's theolog)' of insects, 91 

 Leuckart, 136; portrait, 136 

 Leydig, 102; anatomy of insects,, 

 102; in histolog}', 175; portrait, 



175 

 Linnaean system, reform of, 130-138 



Linnaeus, 1 1 8-1 30; binomial nomen- 

 clature, 127; his especial service, 

 126; features of his work, 127, 

 128; his idea of species, 128, 129; 



