INDEX 



4^ 



influence on natural history, 125; 

 personal appearance, 125; i)er- 

 sonal history, 119; portrait, 124; 

 helped by his fiancee, 120; return 

 to Sweden, 123; and the rise of 

 natural history, 100-130; the Sys- 

 tema Naturae, 121, 125, I 27; pro- 

 fessor in Upsala, 123; celebration 

 of two hundredth anniversary of 

 his birth, 124; as university lec- 

 turer, 123; wide recognition, 122; 

 summary on, 129-130 



Lister, Sir Joseph, and antiseptic 

 surgery, 302; portrait, 302 



Loeb, 234; on artificial fertilization, 

 441; on regulation, 440 



Ludwig, in physiology, 160; por- 

 trait, 160 



Lyell, epoch-making work in geol- 

 ogX) SS"^' letter on Darwin and 

 Wallace, 420-422; portrait, 331 



Lyonet, 89; portrait and personal- 

 ity, 90; great monograph on in- 

 sect anatomy, 91; illustrations 

 from, 92, 93, 94, 95; extraordi- 

 nary quality of his sketches, 92 



M 



Malpighi, 58-67; activity in re- 

 search, 62; anatomy of plants, 66; 

 anatomy of the silkworm, 63; 

 compared with Leeuwenhoek and 

 Swammerdam, 87; work in em- 

 bryology, 66, 202; rank as embry- 

 ologist, 205 ; honors at home and 

 abroad, 61 ; personal appearance, 

 58; portraits, 59, 204; sketches 

 from his embryological treatises, 

 203; and the theory of pre-delinea- 

 tion, 203 

 Man, antiquity of, 364; evolution of, 



363; fossil, 340, 364 

 Marsh, O. C, portrait, 337 

 Meckel, J. Fr., 162; portrait, 162 

 Men, of biology, 7, 8; the foremost, 



437; of science, 7 

 Mendel, 315; alternative inheritance, 

 316; law of, 315; purity of the 

 germ-cells, 316; portrait, 315; 

 rank of Mendel's discovery, 316, 



317 



Microscope, Hooke's, Fig. of, 55; 

 Leeuwenhoek's, 81, Figs, of, 82, 8^ 



Microscopic observation, introduc- 

 tion of, 54; of Hooke, >)y, Grew, 



55; Ehrenberg, 106; Malpighi, 

 66, 67; Leeuwenhoek, 81, 84, 85, 



105 

 Microsco])ists, the ])ionc-er, 54 

 Middle Ages, a renKjlding i)eriod, 



19; anatomy in, 24 

 Milne-Edwards, portrait, 157 

 Mimicry, 387 



Mohl, Von, 268; portrait, 269 

 Miiller, Fritz, 230; O. Fr., 106 

 Miiller, Johannes, as anatomist, 163; 



general influence, 185; influence 



on physiology, 185; as a teacher, 



185 ; his period in physiology, 184; 



personality, 185; portrait, 187; 



physiology after Miiller, 188 



N 



Xageli, portrait, 26S 



Naples, biological station at, 446; 

 picture of, 445 



Natural history, of Gesner, 112, 113. 

 114; of Ray, 115-118; of Lin- 

 naeus, 1 18-130; sacred, no; rise 

 of scientific, 1 10-130 



Natural selection, 383; discovery of, 

 427; Darwin and Wallace on, 429; 

 extension of, by Weismann, 3()7; 

 illustrations of, 384; inadecjuacy 

 of, 389 



Nature, continuity of, 367; return 

 to, 19; renewal of observation, lu 



Naturphilosophie, school of, 160 



Neanderthal skull, 365 



Needham, experiments on sj)onta- 

 neous generation, 281 



Neo-Lamarckism, 380 



Newport, on insect anatomy, 100 



Nineteenth century, summary of dis- 

 coveries in, 3 



Nomenclature of biology, 126, 127 



Nucleus, discovery of, by Brown, 

 243; division of, 256, 313 







Observation, arrest of, 17; renewal 

 of, 19; in anatomy, 26; and e.\- 

 periment the method of science, 



22, 39 

 Oken, on cells, 241; ])ortrait, i()0 

 Omne vivum ex ovo, 200 

 Omnis cellula e cellula, 30Q 

 Organic evolution, iloctrine of, 345- 

 367; influence of, on embryology, 

 22s; throrics of. 368-40^: rise of 



