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is almost always evident: such upward cur- 

 rents, it has been remarked, are also shown 

 by the ascent of soap-bubbles, which will 

 not rise in an indoors room. Hence I 

 think there is not much difficulty in under- 

 standing the ascent of the fine lines pro- 

 jected from a spider's spinners, and after- 

 wards of the spider itself. DARWIN Nat- 

 uralist's Voyage Around the World, ch. 8, p. 

 161. (A., 1898.) 



97. AFFECTION AMONG PRIMITIVE 

 PEOPLES Caribs, Papuans, Kurubars 

 Conflicting Reports of Observers. Under 

 favorable circumstances, where food is not 

 too scarce nor war too wasting, the life of 

 low barbaric races may be in its rude way 

 good and happy. In the West Indian is- 

 lands, where Columbus first landed, lived 

 tribes who have been called the most gentle 

 and benevolent of the human race. Schom- 

 burgk, the traveler, who knew the warlike 

 Caribs well in their home life, draws a para- 

 dise-like picture of their ways, where they 

 have not been corrupted by the vices of the 

 white men; he saw among them peace and 

 cheerfulness and simple family affection, un- 

 varnished friendship, and gratitude. . . . 

 At the other side of the world, in New 

 Guinea, Kops, the Dutch explorer, gives 

 much the same account of the Papuans of 

 Dory, who live in houses built on piles in 

 the water, like the old lake-men of Switzer- 

 land; he speaks of their mild disposition, 

 their inclination to right and justice, their 

 strong moral principles, their respect for the 

 aged and love for their children, their living 

 without fastenings to their houses for 

 theft is considered by them a grave offense, 

 and rarely occurs. Among the rude non- 

 Hindu tribes of India, English officials have 

 often recorded with wonder the kindliness 

 and cheerfulness of the rude men of the 

 mountains and the jungle, and their utter 

 honesty in word and deed. Thus Sir Walter 

 Elliot mentions a low poor tribe of South 

 India, whom the farmers employ to guard 

 their fields, well knowing that they would 

 starve rather than steal the grain in their 

 charge. [Their veracity is proverbial.] Of 

 course, these accounts of Caribs and Papuans 

 show them on the friendly side, while those 

 who have fought with them call them mon- 

 sters of ferocity and treachery. But cruelty 

 and cunning in war seem to them right and 

 praiseworthy; and what we are here look- 

 ing at is their home peace-life. It is clear 

 that low barbarians may live among them- 

 selves under a fairly high moral standard, 

 and this is the more instructive because it 

 shows what may be called natural morality. 

 TYLOB Anthropology, ch. 16, p. 406. (A., 

 1899.) 



98. AFFECTION, CONJUGAL, WANT- 

 ING AMONG SAVAGES Of Slow Growth in 

 Civilization Australian Brahman. We 

 have another and a more serious count 

 against early fatherhood. If the love of 

 father for child was in this backward state, 



infinitely more grave was the condition of 

 things between him and the mother. Prob- 

 ably we have all taken it for granted that 

 husbands and wives have always loved one 

 another. . . . There have been and still 

 are tribes and nations where love between 

 husband and wife is non-existent. Among 

 the Hovas, we are assured by authorities, 

 the idea of love between husband and wife 

 is "hardly thought of"; that at Winne- 

 bah " not even the appearance of affection " 

 exists between them; that among the Beni- 

 Amer it is " considered even disgraceful for 

 a wife to show any affection for her hus- 

 band " ; that the Chittagong Hill tribes 

 have " no idea of tenderness nor of chival- 

 rous devotion " ; and that the Eskimo treat 

 their wives " with great coldness and neg- 

 lect." The savage cruelty with which 

 wives are treated by the Australian ab- 

 origines is indicated even in their weapons. 

 The very names, " servant, slave," by which 

 the Brahman address their wives, and the 

 wife's reply, " master, lord," symbolize the 

 gulf between the two. There are exceptions, 

 it is true, and often touching exceptions. 

 Travelers cite instances of constancy among 

 savage peoples which reach the region of 

 romance. Probably there never was a time, 

 indeed, nor a race, when some measure of 

 sympathy did not stir between husband and 

 wife. But when we consider all the facts, 

 it is impossible to doubt that in the region 

 of all the higher 'affections the savage wife 

 and the savage husband were all but stran- 

 gers to each other. DRUMMOND Ascent of 

 Man, p. 300. (,T. P., 1900.) 



99. AFFECTIONS, ORGANIC, ACT 

 UPON THE MIND Hopefulness of Consump- 

 tives Due to Accelerated Breathing. It is 

 natural to suppose that the passion which 

 a particular organ produces in the mind 

 will be that which, when otherwise excited, 

 discharges itself specially upon that organ. 

 . . . When we consider the effects which 

 a joyful anticipation, or the elation of a 

 present excitement, has upon the lungs 

 the accelerated breathing and the general 

 bodily exhilaration which it occasions we 

 cannot help thinking of the strange hope- 

 fulness and the sanguine expectations of the 

 consumptive patient, who, on the edge of the 

 grave, projects, without a shadow of dis- 

 trust, what he will do long after he will 

 have been " green in death and festering in 

 his shroud." Observe how fear strikes the 

 heart, and what anxious fear and appre- 

 hension accompany some affections of the 

 heart. Anger, disappointment, and envy 

 notably touch the liver; which, in its turn, 

 when deranged, engenders a gloomy tone of 

 mind through which all things have a malig- 

 nant look, and from which, when philosophy 

 avails not to free us, the restoration of its 

 functions will yield instant relief. The in- 

 ternal organs are plainly not the agents of 

 their special functions only, but, by reason 

 of the intimate consent or sympathy of 



