Sustry 

 nity 



SCIENTIFIC SIDE-LIGHTS 



336 



ed extremity which entered into the mud 

 still bears the marks of the fire and the rude 

 cuts made by the stone hatchets. The piles 

 belonging to the Bronze period, being pre- 

 pared with metal axes, were much more 

 regularly pointed, and the differences be- 

 tween the two have been ingeniously com- 

 pared to those shown by lead pencils well 

 and badly cut. AVEBUEY Prehistoric Times, 

 ch. 6, p. 176. (A., 1900.) 



1644. INDUSTRY, SEPARATE VS. 

 GREGARIOUS Ancient Implements Long 

 Perpetuated The Spindle of Egypt in the 

 Highlands of Scotland. In 1760 the spin- 

 ning-wheel and the common loom, as used 

 by the people of Yorkshire, were little in 

 advance of the implements for the same pur- 

 pose which had been in use beyond the reach 

 of history. The spindle which is depicted 

 on the monuments of Egypt was until a 

 few years ago familiar in the Highlands. 

 The essential feature of this ancient indus- 

 try, so far as its effects upon social condi- 

 tions are concerned, was that it was sepa- 

 rate and not gregarious. It did not inter- 

 fere with, but rather was congenial to, 

 family life for thousands of years. 



" Maids at the wheel, the weaver at his loom, 



Sat blithe and happy." 

 ARGYLL Reign of Law, ch. 7, p. 206. 

 (Burt.) 



1645. INDUSTRY THE CORRECT- 

 IVE OF PHILANTHROPY Evolution Hu- 

 manized. Men very naturally and very hon- 

 estly disagree in respect to the activity of 

 those causes which have helped the human 

 race forward. Most of us accept the theory 

 of evolution to account for the diversity and 

 development of life, but when reason, edu- 

 cation, and religion appear, they serve to 

 counteract the forces which have produced 

 evolution, and, in fact, to undo much of the 

 work which the uninterrupted operation of 

 natural law has performed. The tendency 

 of civilization is therefore almost directly 

 in opposition to those forces which have 

 made humanity possible. As an illustration 

 of this, attention may be called to the grand 

 system of organized philanthropy which is 

 found in every civilized community. The 

 care which we bestow in public and in pri- 

 vate on the old, the imbecile, and the sick 

 secures precisely what the great forces of 

 evolution would eliminate and destroy. 

 Were it not, then, for other forces to coun- 

 teract the deteriorating effects of philan- 

 thropy, the human race, through its own ex- 

 cellence of heart, would rapidly regress. 

 Fortunately, therefore, in the progress of hu- 

 man industry we find a factor which tends 

 to correct or neutralize the enervating ef- 

 fects of philanthropy. The necessity of ef- 

 fort and the pleasure of labor drive men 

 into pursuits which develop their faculties, 

 increase their power, and eliminate, to a 

 certain degree, the deteriorating effects of 

 care, of helpfulness, of sympathy and affec- 

 tion. 



In this respect the progress of industry 

 must be regarded as the great helper of hu- 

 manity. Just in proportion as the indus- 

 tries of a nation broaden and develop, just 

 in that proportion does the character of its 

 citizens gain strength and their brains and 

 muscles skill and power. WILEY Relations 

 of Chemistry to Industrial Progress (Ad- 

 dress at Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind., 

 1896), p. 13. 



1 646. INEQUALITY A LAW OF HU- 

 MAN NATURE There is, for example, a 

 law an observed order of facts in respect 

 to man, which the working classes too often 

 forget, but which can neither be violated 

 nor neglected with impunity. That law is 

 the law of inequality the various degrees 

 in which the gifts bdth of body and of mind 

 are shared among men. This is one of the 

 most fundamental facts of human nature. 

 Nor is it difficult to see how it should be 

 also one of the most beneficent. But it is 

 a fact against which the spirit of combina- 

 tion is very apt to assume an attitude of 

 permanent insurrection. ARGYLL Reign of 

 Law, ch. 7, p. 224. (Burt.) 



1647. INFALLIBILITY, ASSUMED, 

 OF SCIENTISTS Many an anthropologist 

 has described a skull of peculiar form as the 

 only one of its kind, perhaps discovering in 

 it greater or minor animal similarities, when 

 typically it might have been mistaken for 

 the one upon his own shoulders! RANKE 

 Somatische anthropologische Beobachtun- 

 gen (an address). (Translated for Scien- 

 tific Side-Lights.) 



1648. INFANCY A PERIOD OF 

 PLASTICITY Calls Out Parents' Unselfish- 

 ness. The first appearance of infancy in the 

 animal world heralded the new era which 

 was to be crowned by the development of 

 man. With the beginnings of infancy there 

 came the first dawning of a conscious life 

 similar in nature to the conscious life of 

 human beings, and there came, moreover, 

 on the part of parents, the beginning of feel- 

 ings and actions not purely self-regarding. 

 But, still more, the period of infancy was a 

 period of plasticity. The career of each in- 

 dividual being no longer wholly prede- 

 termined by the careers of its ancestors, it 

 began to become teachable. Individuality of 

 character also became possible at the same 

 time, and for the same reason. FISKE Des- 

 tiny of Man,ch. 6, p. 51. (H.M.& Co., 1900.) 



1649. INFANCY PROLONGED No- 

 ticeable Fact among Apes. The young 

 orangs seem to remain unusually long under 

 their mother's protection, probably in conse- 

 quence of their slow growth. While climb- 

 ing the mother always carries her young 

 against her bosom, the young holding on by 

 his mother's hair. HUXLEY Man's Place in 

 Mature, p. 206. (Hum.) 



165O. The Chief Fact in 



Man's Development. In the genesis of hu- 

 manity the central fact has been the in- 



