Intellect 

 Intelligence 



SCIENTIFIC SIDE-LIGHTS 



350 



life will ever become more and more of an 

 intellectual struggle, not a struggle with 

 weapons of murder. The organ which above 

 all others in man becomes more perfect by 

 the ennobling influence of natural selection 

 is the brain. The man with the most perfect 

 understanding, not the man with the best 

 revolver, will in the long run be victorious; 

 he will transmit to his descendants the quali- 

 ties of the brain which assisted him in the 

 victor y. Thus then we may justly hope, 

 in spite of all the efforts of retrograde forces, 

 that the progress of mankind towards free- 

 dom, and thus to the utmost perfection, will, 

 by the happy influence of natural selec- 

 tion, become more and more a certainty. 

 HAECKEL History of Creation, vol. i, ch. 7, 

 p. 179. (K. P. & Co., 1899.) 



1712. INTELLECT HAS OUT- 

 STRIPPED HEART There can be little 

 doubt that in respect of justice and kind- 

 ness the advance of civilized man has been 

 less marked than in respect of quick-witted- 

 ness. FISKE Destiny of Man, ch. 10, p. 74. 

 (H. M. & Co., 1900.) 



1713. INTELLECT, LIMITATIONS 



OF Mathematical Faculty Defective among 

 Savages. We have ample evidence that in 

 all the lower races of man what may be 

 termed the mathematical faculty is either 

 absent or, if present, quite unexercised. 

 The bushmen and the Brazilian wood-In- 

 dians are said not to count beyond two. 

 Many Australian tribes only have words for 

 one and two, which are combined to make 

 three, four, five, or six, beyond which they do 

 not count. The Damaras of South Africa 

 only count to three; and Mr. Galton gives a 

 curious description of how one of them was 

 hopelessly puzzled when he had sold two 

 sheep for two sticks of tobacco each and 

 received four sticks in payment. He could 

 only find out that he was correctly paid by 

 taking two sticks and then giving one sheep, 

 then receiving two sticks more and giving 

 the other sheep. WALLACE Darwinism, ch. 

 15, p. 312. (Hum., 1889.) 



1714. INTELLECT OF MAN CON- 

 QUERS THE EARTH Superiority to Local 

 and Climatic Changes. Man differs essen- 

 tially from all other mammals in this re- 

 spect: that whereas any important adapta- 

 tion to new conditions can be effected in 

 them only by a change in bodily structure, 

 man is able to adapt himself to much great- 

 er changes of conditions by a mental develop- 

 ment leading him to the use of fire, of tools, 

 of clothing, of improved dwellings, of nets 

 and snares, and of agriculture. By the help 

 of these, without any change whatever in his 

 bodily structure, he has been able to spread 

 over and occupy the whole earth; to dwell 

 securely in forest, plain, or mountain; to 

 inhabit alike the burning desert or the arctic 

 wastes; to cope with every kind of wild 

 beast, and to provide himself with food in 

 districts where, as an animal trusting to 



Nature's unaided productions, he would have 

 starved. WALLACE Darwinism, ch. 15, p. 

 307. (Hum., 1889.) 



1715. INTELLECT REQUIRED TO 

 MAKE A UNIVERSE WHICH INTEL- 

 LECT IS REQUIRED TO COMPREHEND 



There is a singular lack of logic, as it 

 seems to me, in the views of the materialistic 

 naturalists. While they consider classifica- 

 tion, or, in other words, their expression of 

 the relations between animals or between 

 physical facts of any kind, as the work of 

 their intelligence, they believe the relations 

 themselves to be the work of physical causes. 

 The more direct inference surely is, that 

 if it requires an intelligent mind to recog- 

 nize them it must have required an intelli- 

 gent mind to establish them. These rela- 

 tions existed before man was created; they 

 have existed ever since the beginning of time ; 

 hence what we call the classification of facts, 

 is not the work of his mind in any direct 

 original sense, but the recognition of an 

 intelligent action prior to his own existence. 

 AGASSIZ Geological Sketches, ser. i, ch. 1, 

 p. 22. (H. M. & Co., 1896.) 



1716. INTELLIGENCE AND BAR- 

 BARISM COEXISTING The Old Man of 



Cromagnon Cave - dwellers Like American 

 Indians. Professor Broca, who seems by no 

 means disinclined to favor a simian origin 

 for men, has the following general conclu- 

 sions, which refer to the Cromagnon skulls: 

 " The great volume of the brain, the de- 

 velopment of the frontal region, the fine el- 

 liptical profile of the anterior portion of 

 the skull, and the orthognathous form of 

 the upper facial region are incontestably 

 evidences of superiority which are met with 

 usually only in the civilized races. On the 

 other hand, the great breadth of face, the 

 alveolar prognathism, the enormous develop- 

 ment of the ascending ramus of the lower 

 jaw, the extent and roughness of the mus- 

 cular insertions, especially of the mastica- 

 tory muscles, give rise to the idea of a vio- 

 lent and brutal race." He adds that this 

 apparent antithesis, seen also in the limbs 

 as well as in the skull, accords with the evi- 

 dence furnished by the associated weapons 

 and implements of a rude hunter-life, and 

 at the same time of no mean degree of taste 

 and skill in carving and other arts. He 

 might have added that this is precisely the 

 antithesis seen in the American tribes, among 

 whom art and taste of various kinds, and 

 much that is high and spiritual even in 

 thought, coexisted with barbarous modes of 

 life and intense ferocity and cruelty. The 

 god and the devil were combined in these 

 races, but there was nothing of the mere 

 brute. DAWSON Facts and Fancies in Mod- 

 ern Science, lect. 4, p. 162. (A. B. P. S.) 



1717. INTELLIGENCE AND ENTER- 

 PRISE OF PRIMITIVE MAN Paleolithic 

 implements abound in the drift gravels ; the 

 surface is strewn with flint flakes and frag- 



