icry 



SCIENTIFIC SIDE-LIGHTS 



446 



it has flown and settled once more I have 

 gone to look at it again, to make sure that 

 my eyes had not deceived me. HUDSON Nat- 

 uralist in La Plata, ch. 8, p. 127. (C. & 

 H., 1895.) 



2182. Leaf-insects 



Stick-insect. The well-known leaf-insects 

 of Ceylon and of Java, species of Phyllium, 

 are so wonderfully colored and veined, with 

 leafy expansions on the legs and thorax, 

 that not one person in ten can see them 

 when resting on the food-plant close befieath 

 their eyes. Others resemble pieces of stick 

 with all the minutise of knots and branches, 

 formed by the insects' legs, which are stuck 

 out rigidly and unsymmetrically. I have 

 often been unable to distinguish between 

 one of these insects and a real piece of stick 

 till I satisfied myself by touching it and 

 found it to be alive. WALLACE Darwinism, 

 ch. 8, p. 138. (Hum.) 



2183. Sand-colored Lizard 



of Seashore. Of lizards there were many 

 kinds, but only one (Proctotretus multi- 

 maculatus) remarkable from its habits. It 

 lives on the bare sand near the seacoast, 

 and from its mottled color, the brownish 

 scales being speckled with white, yellowish 

 red, and dirty blue, can hardly be distin- 

 guished from the surrounding surface. When 

 frightened, it attempts to avoid discovery 

 by feigning death, with outstretched legs, 

 depressed body, and closed eyes; if further 

 molested, it buries itself with great quick- 

 ness in the loose sand. This lizard, from its 

 flattened body and short legs, cannot run 

 quickly. DARWIN Naturalist's Voyage 

 around the World, ch. 5, p. 97. (A., 1898.) 



2184. Stick-insect Fly 



and Humblebee. The stick-insect is, per- 

 haps, the most perfect example where re- 

 semblance to an inanimate object has been 

 the result aimed at, so to speak, by Nature ; 

 the resemblance of the volucella fly to th 

 humblebee, on which it is parasitical, is the 

 most familiar example of one species grow- 

 ing like another to its own advantage, sines 

 only by means of its deceptive likeness to the 

 humblebee is it able to penetrate into the 

 nest with impunity. HUDSON Naturalist in 

 La Plata, ch. 8, p. 127. (C. & H., 1895.) 



2185. MIND AND BODY, ON EARTH 

 INSEPARABLE Magnetism and the Needle. 

 In such a question as the connection of 

 mind and body the potent method of re- 

 moving the cause is not applicable. We 

 cannot dissect the compound, man, into body 

 apart and mind apart; we cannot remove 

 mind so as to see if the body will vanish. 

 We may remove the body, and in so doimr 

 we find that mind has disappeared; but the 

 experiment is not conclusive: for in remov- 

 ing the body we remove our indicator of the 

 mind, namely, the bodily manifestations 

 as if in testing for magnetism we should 

 set aside the needle and other tokens of 

 its presence. BAIN Mind and Body, ch. ,3, 

 p. 5. (Hum., 1880.) 



2186. MIND AND BRAIN Mental 

 Power Not Measured by Size of Brain In- 

 crease of Intellectual Force Geometrical. 

 Comparing the increasing size of the brain 

 with the increase in mental power, we are 

 struck with the smallness of the one increase 

 as compared with the other. An ordinary 

 male human brain is 48 oz. ; the brains of 

 extraordinary men seldom reach Cuvier's 

 figure, 64 oz. Now the intellectual force of 

 the ordinary man is surpassed by Cuvier in 

 a far higher ratio than this. Taking the 

 mere memory, which is the basis of intel- 

 lect, an ordinary man could not retain one- 

 third or one-fourth, perhaps not one-tenth, 

 of the facts stored up in the mind of a 

 Cuvier. The comparison of animals with 

 human beings would sustain a similar in- 

 ference. There would be no exaggeration 

 in saying that while size of brain increases 

 in arithmetical proportion, intellectual range 

 increases in geometrical proportion. BAIN 

 Mind and Body, ch. 3, p. 6. (Hum., 1880.) 



2187. MIND AND MATTER, ALLI- 

 ANCE OF Thought, Incapable of Extertsion, 

 Allied with Extended Matter Contrast and 

 Mystery. This, then^ as it appears to me, 

 is the only real difficulty of the physical and 

 mental relationship. There is an alliance 

 with matter, with the object, or extended 

 world; but the thing allied, the mind 

 proper, has itself no extension, and cannot 

 be joined in local union. Now, we have a 

 difficulty in providing any form of language, 

 any familiar analogy, suited to this unique 

 conjunction; in comparison with all ordi- 

 nary unions, it is a paradox or a contradic- 

 tion. We understand union in the sense of 

 local connection; here is a union where local 

 connection is irrelevant, unsuitable, contra- 

 dictory; for we cannot think of mind with- 

 out putting ourselves out of the world of 

 place: When, as in pure feeling pleasure 

 or pain we change from the object attitude 

 to the subject attitude we have undergone a 

 change not to be expressed by place; the 

 fact is not properly described by the transi- 

 tion from the external to the internal, for 

 that is still a change in the region of the 

 extended. The only adequate expression is 

 a change of state : *a change from the state 

 of the extended cognition to a state of un- 

 oxtended cognition. By various theologians 

 heaven has been spoken of as not a place, 

 but a state; and this is the only phrase 

 that I can find suitable to describe the vast 

 tho familiar and easy transition from the 

 material or extended to the immaterial or 

 unexterded side of our being. BAIN Mind 

 and Body, ch. 6, p. 34. (Hum., 1880.) 



2188. MIND AND NATURE, INTER- 

 ACTION OF Progress from Effect to Cause, 

 Thence to New Effect. Our senses stand be- 

 tween these phenomena and the reasoning 

 mind. We observe the fact, but are not 

 satisfied with the mere act of observation; 

 the fact must be accounted for fitted into 

 its position in the line of cause and effect. 



