Unity 



SCIENTIFIC SIDE-LIGHTS 



716 



mode of development of crystallites, and a 

 study of the materials contained in the mi- 

 croscopic cavities of the minutest crystals. 

 JUDD Volcanoes, ch. 3, p. 66. (A., 1899.) 



3545. 



One Plan in Struc- 



ture of Diverse Animals Leg and Jaw of 

 Young Lobster Indistinguishable. [The] 

 study of development proves that the doc- 

 trine of unity of plan is not merely a fancy, 

 that it is not merely one way of looking at 

 the matter, but that it is the expression of 

 deep-seated, natural facts. The legs and 

 jaws of the lobster may not merely be re- 

 garded as modifications of a common type 

 in fact and in Nature they are so the leg 

 and the jaw of the young animal being at 

 first indistinguishable. HUXLEY Lay Ser- 

 mons, serm. 6, p. 101. (A., 1895.) 



3546. 



The Conservation 



of Energy All Forces May Be One. It may 

 be that all natural forces are resolvable into 

 some one force; and indeed in the modern 

 doctrine of the correlation of forces an idea 

 which is a near approach to this has al- 

 ready entered the domain of science. It may 

 also be that this one force, into which all 

 others return again, is itself but a mode 

 of action of the divine will. But we have 

 no instruments whereby to reach this last 

 analysis. ARGYLL Reign of Law, ch. 3, p. 

 76. (Burt.) 



3547. 



The Kosmos. 



The system of Nature in which we live 

 impresses itself on the mind as one system. 

 It is under this impression that we speak 

 of it as the " universe." It was under the 

 same impression, but with a conception spe- 

 cially vivid of its order and its beauty, that 

 the Greeks called it the " kosmos." By such 

 words as these we mean that Nature is one 

 whole a whole of which all the parts are 

 inseparably united joined together by the 

 most curious and intimate relations, which 

 it is the highest work of observation to 

 trace, and of reason to understand. AR- 

 GYLL Unity of Nature, ch. 1, p. 1. (Burt.) 



3548. The One Great 



Lesson of Modern Science. What is the phil- 

 osophic purport of these beautiful and sub- 

 lime discoveries with which the keen insight 

 and patient diligence of modern students of 

 science are beginning to be rewarded? What 

 is the lesson that is taught alike by the cor- 

 relation of forces, by spectrum analysis, by 

 the revelations of chemistry as to the subtle 

 behavior of molecules inaccessible to the eye 

 of sense, by the astronomy that is beginning 

 to sketch the physical history of countless 

 suns in the firmament, by the paleontology 

 which is slowly unraveling the wonders of 

 past life upon the earth through millions 

 of ages? What is the grand lesson that is 

 taught by all this? It is the lesson of the 

 unity of Nature. To learn it rightly is to 

 learn that all the things that we can see 

 and know in the course of our life in this 

 world are so intimately woven together that 



nothing could be left out without reducing 

 the whole marvelous scheme to chaos. 

 FISKE Through Nature to God, pt. i, ch. 4, 

 p. 23. (H. M. & Co., 1900.) 



3549. UNITY OF ORIGIN OF EACH 

 ORGANISM Distribution from a Single Cen- 

 ter. The most important principle from 

 which we must start in chorology, and of the 

 truth of which we are convinced by due 

 examination of the theory of selection, is 

 that, as a rule, every animal and vegetable 

 species has arisen only once in the course 

 of time and only in one place on the earth 

 its so-called " center of creation " by 

 natural selection. I share this opinion of 

 Darwin's unconditionally, in respect to the 

 great majority of higher and perfect or- 

 ganisms, and in respect to most animals 

 and plants in which the division of labor, or 

 differentiation of the cells and organs of 

 which they are composed, has attained a 

 certain stage. For it is quite incredible, or 

 could at best only be an exceedingly rare 

 accident, that all the manifold and compli- 

 cated circumstances all the different con- 

 ditions of the struggle for life which in- 

 fluence the origin of a new species by 

 natural selection should have worked to- 

 gether in exactly the same agreement and 

 combination more than once in the earth's 

 history, or should have been active at the 

 same time at several different points of the 

 earth's surface. HAECKEL History of Cre- 

 ation, vol. i, ch. 14, p. 166. (K. P. & Co., 

 1899.) 



3550. UNITY OF PERFECTION AND 

 HAPPINESS Pleasure and Pain Delight oj 

 Abundant Spontaneous Activity. Human 

 perfection and human happiness coincide, 

 and thus constitute, in reality, but a single 

 end. For as, on the one hand, the perfection 

 or full development of a power is in pro- 

 portion to its capacity of free, vigorous, and 

 continued action, so, on the other, all pleas- 

 ure is the concomitant of activity; its de- 

 gree being in proportion as that activity 

 is spontaneously intense, its prolongation in 

 proportion as that activity is spontaneously 

 continued; whereas, pain arises either from 

 a faculty being restrained in its spontaneous 

 tendency to action, or from being urged 

 to^a degree, or to a continuance of energy 

 beyond the limit to which it of itself freely 

 tends. To promote our perfection is thus 

 to promote our happiness; for to cultivate 

 fully and harmoniously our various facul- 

 ties is simply to enable them by exercise 

 to energize longer and stronger without 

 painful effort that is, to afford us a larger 

 amount of a higher quality of enjoyment. 

 HAMILTON Metaphysics, lect. 2, p/15. (G. 

 & L., 1859.) 



3551. UNITY OF TENDENCY OF 

 CERTAIN EPOCHS The Fifteenth Century 

 in Discovery. The fifteenth century belongs 

 to those remarkable epochs in which all the 

 efforts of the mind indicate one determined 



