METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



INSTRUMENTS, STATIONS, AND METHODS 



The instrumental outfit for the meteorological work consisted of two barometers ; two 

 barographs; several aneroids; a nephoscope ; maximum, minimum, wet, and dry bulb ther- 

 mometers ; thermograph ; two anemometers, and a- single register for recording wind veloci- 

 ties. The greater part of this outfit was loaned the Expedition through the courtesy of Pro- 

 fessor Willis Moore, of the United States Weather Bureau, and General A. W. Greeley, of the 

 United States Signal Corps. 



Observations were made at Teplitz Bay, Rudolph Island, by Mr. Francis Long, a trained 

 observer from the United States Weather Bureau, from September, 1903,* to the end of April, 

 1904, when one division of the Expedition left for Cape Flora, Northbrook Island. At this 

 time the instruments were distributed between the two parties ; those left at Teplitz Bay were 

 afterward read or kept in working order by Mr. Spencer W. Stewart and consisted of a mer- 

 curial barometer ; maximum, minimum, dry, and wet bulb thermometers, and an anemometer 

 with register for wind velocities. Owing to the many duties devolving upon the small party 

 left at Teplitz Bay, Mr. Stewart could not make observations very regularly or systematically ; 

 in consequence after April 30, 1904, only the results for wind movement have been incorpo- 

 rated in this report. Mr. Long personally superintended the transportation of the instruments 

 destined for Cape Flora. These included an aneroid barometer ; maximum, minimum, dry, 

 and wet bulb thermometers, and an anemometer without register. 



On arrival at Teplitz Bay, in the fall of 1903, an instrument shelter was set up close to the 

 original site used by the Italian Expedition for their meteorological observations (see figure i 

 of " Section A" for a map of the Teplitz Bay station showing respective locations). This 

 shelter was constructed in conformity with the regulations of the United States Weather 

 Bureau, being about r.5 meter above the surface of the ground, and is very clearly shown in 

 figure i. In it were installed, exposed, wet bulb, maximum and minimum thermometers, and 

 the thermograph. These were all placed at the same level, namely, about io}4 meters above 

 the sea. The anemometer was fixed on the astronomical observatory (see figure i as also 

 figure i of " Section E"). some TOO meters from the shelter-house and about 22 meters above 

 sea level. The mercurial barometer and aneroid, together with the barograph, were installed 

 in the living-house at 9.35 meters above sea level. 



Records were made daily at 8 A. M., noon, and 8 P. M., local mean time. The true direc- 

 tion of the wind was determined by eye observations of the weather vane. Observations with 

 the nephoscope were found to be impracticable : during the winter the darkness prohibited any 

 attempt ; during the period of daylight the clouds were of such a character and were so low, 

 really not more than fogs, that they presented no well-defined points on which to observe. 



At Cape Flora (" Elmwood" of the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition of 1894 to 1897) a 

 valuable series of observations extending from May 21, 1904, to July 30, 1905, was made by 

 Mr. Long. An improvised instrument shelter, following as closely as possible the regulations 

 of the United States Weather Bureau, was constructed from boxes in which were installed 



* Prior to this time and during the voyage of the S. Y. "America " north from Tromso, Mr. Long made 

 regularly daily obs2rvations. These covering, as they do, a region already frequently reported upon meteoro- 

 logically, are not recorded in this volume. 



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