THE SCOTS GARD'NER 



or ill-thriving, and this is occasion'd through bad 

 training. 



Another way of clift-graffing, is, to cleave the 

 graff and not the stock. Thus : prepare the stock and 

 graff as for shouldering (next described) then with 

 the pen-knife cleave the inward face of the grass 

 in the cut part, and cut up the stock with a slop, so 

 that one lip of the clif t-cyon may be bound on the 

 one side of the stock, and the other longer lip on 

 the outside, as in shouldering. 



The graff sits here as on a saddle, with a leg on 

 each side the stock, and therefore will better resist 

 the winds ; as also, the wound caused by the clif t 

 will sooner recover. I have them wholly healed 

 the same year wherein I graffed them. 



Shouldering is to cut off the heads of the stock, 

 and smooth it as at first ; then cut the graff from 

 a knot or bud on one side, sloping about ane inch and 

 a half long, with a shoulder, but not deep, that it 

 may rest on the head of the stock. The graff must 

 be cut from the shoulder, smooth and even, sloping 

 gradually, that the lower end be thin ; place the 

 shouldering on the head of the stock, and mark by 

 the end of the cut part of the graff, and cut away 

 so much bark off the stock as the graff did cover; 



72 



