FENCES 23 



the height of about 30 inches and one foot wide 

 at the top ; the top turfs bind the whole together. 

 As soon as the dyke is built, beat the sides in with 

 the back of a spade, or a beater specially con- 

 structed for this purpose. The turfs may be cut 

 from the sides, as shown in the diagram, or brought 

 from another place, as may be arranged. 



STONES AND SOIL 



Fences of similar construction to those of turf 

 dykes, and of the same shape and dimensions, 

 but of a more permanent character, may be built 

 of large stones laid up the sides and firmly em- 

 bedded in the soil. In this way a sort of rock- 

 work is formed, which, if thickly planted with 

 some hardy shrubs of dwarf growth or which 

 can be kept cut like a hedge, would form a most 

 effective first break to the winds. Many pieces 

 of ground in bleak positions could be sheltered 

 in some such simple way as this, especially on 

 pleasure grounds, on exposed sides of shrubberies 

 and similar places, where, if neatly or artistically 

 constructed, it would serve the double purpose of 

 shelter and ornamental design. It might happen 

 that one side only would need to be built up with 

 stones, and the ground on the other side might 

 be raised with good soil, so as to slope from the 

 top of the upper layer of stones away from the 



