24 SEASIDE TREES AND SHRUBS 



winds, and the whole thickly planted with trees 

 and shrubs. 



In fences of the above description turfs need 

 not be used in the construction but simply stones 

 and soil, and if the latter is rich in character, some 

 of the hardiest plants would thrive in it. 



SPAR AND BRUSHWOOD 



Fences of this description, although not of a 

 permanent nature as compared with stone dykes, 

 are among the most useful which can be devised 

 for surrounding clumps of newly planted trees in 

 positions of exposure. Where timber is plentiful 

 and can be cheaply worked, fences are also inex- 

 pensive to erect. 



They can be erected in various ways ; the 

 following, which is similar to that shown in illus- 

 tration No. 10, may serve as an example of one of 

 them. 



Posts of rough oak or larch, as being among 

 the most durable of English-grown timber, are let 

 deeply into the ground about five feet apart, either 

 by digging holes, or, if the ground is soft or 

 sandy, they may be driven down with a heavy 

 mallet into holes previously made with a crow- 

 bar. Two cross rails are nailed from post to post 

 on the outer sides, their ends being let into the 

 posts, the bottom one from 10 to 12 inches from 



