26 SEASIDE TREES AND SHRUBS 



BOARD OR PALING 



Although not permanent in character, as com- 

 pared with walls built of brick or stone, or stone 

 dykes, boarded fences or palings form useful shelter 

 to trees for some considerable time, when the more 

 durable kinds of wood are used. It is not neces- 

 sary to go into minute details to show how fences 

 made of boards or palings are constructed, as this 

 has been already treated upon when describing 

 the erection of spar and brushwood fences, which 

 are similar in character. 



The illustration No. 1 1 shows a boarded fence, 

 3 feet 6 inches in height ; the boards, which are 

 the white wood of spruce, 6 inches wide and |- an 

 inch in thickness, are nailed on to the cross rails, 

 one inch apart, which is sufficient to keep out the 

 rabbits and protect the trees from stock. Along 

 the top a strip of wood is nailed to keep the 

 boards from warping ; the posts are alternate oak 

 and larch. This fence surrounds a clump of trees 

 consisting of permanent Oak, with Larch and 

 Austrian Pine as nurses. On the northern side are 

 some Wych Elm, Service trees, and White Beam. 



HEDGE 



In these chapters a distinction has been made 

 between the two words " fence " and " hedge." A 



