PLANTING 31 



the manner above described during the winter 

 months ; to heavily manure it with farmyard 

 manure, and grow some farm or garden crop upon 

 it in the next summer, this to be followed up by 

 the planting of the trees in their proper seasons. 

 This allows of time for soil settlement, particularly 

 where trenching has been done, and also for a 

 thorough cleaning of the land by cultivation 

 before the young trees are planted. 



Where it is desired to plant single trees for 

 growing into large specimens, or to make 

 shrubberies in gardens, it may be necessary to 

 undertake special soil preparation, as strong, 

 healthy, luxuriant growth is of the first im- 

 portance. Under such circumstances the expense 

 of working is only a secondary consideration. 



As this applies to villa gardens, as well as to 

 those of larger extent, it will not be out of 

 place to convey a word of caution to those who 

 propose to erect dwellings with garden sur- 

 roundings. Sometimes when the foundations for 

 the buildings are dug out, particularly for cellars 

 or rooms more or less underground, the subsoil 

 is spread on the ground over the good soil, where 

 it is intended to lay out the garden. This is a 

 great mistake. Subsoils often contain substances 

 injurious to the roots of garden plants, and for 

 this and other reasons they will not thrive in 

 it, many often dying. The foundation subsoil 



