72 SEASIDE TREES AND SHRUBS 



Holly and far above Yew for hardiness ; he also 

 finds it painfully slow in growth in undug soil, 

 but it responds well to good cultivation. Indi- 

 genous to western and southern Europe ; in Britain 

 only in some localities in southern England, and 

 even there it is doubtful whether it may not have 

 been introduced, as it has long been planted in 

 shrubberies ; evergreen. There are numerous 

 forms worth consideration for planting in shrub- 

 beries. The golden variety, B. s. aurea, is very 

 ornamental. 



CarpinusBetulm, Common Hornbeam. Useful 

 for planting in exposed situations to shelter other 

 trees. It thrives best in rich, deep, rather moist 

 soil, but not in dry sunny exposures ; it makes a 

 fine ornamental tree with a thick spreading top. 

 Also used as a hedge plant. Deciduous ; Britain. 

 There are several ornamental garden varieties. 



Castanea saliva, Sweet or Spanish Chestnut. 

 When sheltered from the sea this tree grows as 

 rapidly as Sycamore. It grows splendidly with 

 some slight protection, as that afforded by other 

 trees, both at Fyling and Scarborough ; in the 

 former place there are some trees thirty years old 

 from planting which are thriving well. A good 

 sandy loam, deep and dry, suits it, but it does not 

 thrive so well in a strong clay or cold-bottomed 

 soil. A warm, sheltered position is an important 

 consideration if it is desired to mature its fruits. 



