SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. XXXI 



1 Leaves straight- or parallel-veined (belonging gene- 



rally to plants having 3-parted floral whorls or a 



6-parted perianth) * 2 



Leaves net-veined (belonging generally to plants 

 having 5- or 4-parted floral whorls) f * 



2 Seeds in a seed-vessel G2 



Seeds apparently naked on an axillary scale or in a 



fleshy cup and solitary. Male fl. in catkins. L. 

 linear or subulate Ixxix. Conifers. 



3 Fl. with a calyx and corolla 4 



Fl. with a perianth (calyx undistinguishable from 



corolla) or none 50 



4 Corolla polypetalous, inferior 6 



Corolla polypetalous, superior 29 



Corolla gamopetalous (petals cohering), superior. ... 34 



Corolla gamopetalous, inferior 39 



5 Ovaries many, distinct or united, each bearing a style ; 



or solitary with one lateral placenta 6 



Ovary solitary ; placentas 2 or more, parietal or on the 



dissepiments, not forming a central axis 13 



Ovary solitary ; placentas central 17 



6 Corolla regular 7 



Corolla irregular 10 



7 Sepals distinct. Stamens hypogynous 8 



Sepals more or less combined below 9 



8 Stamens few. Anth. adnate ; connective extending 



be} r ond them Ixxx. Trilliacece. 



Stamens indefinite, usually many (when few, alternate 



with the petals) . Anth. at top of filament, opening 



by two longitudinal clefts. ... i. Ranunculacece. 

 Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals. Anth. 



at top of filament ii. Berberidacece. 



* The leaves of these plants (Monocotyledones) are nearly always 

 parallel-veined. A few exceptions are Dioscoreacece (Tamus), Trilli- 

 acece (Paris), and Aracece (Arum), which will be found by following 

 either series of characters. Care must be taken not to confound leaves 

 having parallel veins which are connected by simple transverse veins 

 with net-veined leaves. The broad leaves of Alisma, Potamogeton, and 

 Hydrocharis are examples of the former. Pinnatind leaves with linear 

 lobes as in Anemone Pulsatilla, may be mistaken for parallel-veined 

 leaves ; also the submersed leaves of Ranunculi. 



f The narrow leaves of some of these plants (Dicotyledones] are 

 apparently parallel-veined. They are chiefly aquatics : 



Leaves divided in a pinnatifid way. 



xxx. Haloragacea (Myriophyllum). 



Leaves repeatedly forked Ixxiii. Ceratophyllacea. 



Leaves simple xxx. Haloragacece (Hippuris). 



