, GALIUM. RUBIA. 189 



prominent, panicles few-flowered,^/?.- and fr-st. erect-patent, fr. 

 faintly granular, pet. acute. G. pusillum Sin. E. B. 74. 

 G. sylvestre (Poll.) ed. viii. St. many, slender, square, diffuse, 

 ascending. L. often nearly glabrous or with marginal hairs 

 (not prickles) spreading or backward. Lower part of stem and 

 leaves sometimes densely covered with patent hairs. Panicle 

 very variable in size. Fr. very minutely granular. a. G. mon- 

 tanum (Vill.) ; 1. linear-lanceolate, pan. with short ascending 

 branches and few-flowered cymes. /3. G. nitidulum (Thuill.) ; 

 1. linear, pan. with somewhat spreading branches and compact 

 cymes. Limestone hills. P. VI. VII. E. S. I. 



*#* Stem rough with downward prickles. 



12. G. uliginosum (L.) ; L 6 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 

 bristle-pointed the margins rough like the angles of the stem with 

 backward prickles, panicles small axillary few- flowered trichoto- 

 mous, the branches patent 3-tid, fruitstalks divaricate straight, 

 i'ruit granular. E. B. 1972. Turning blackish when dry. 

 Stems slender, brittle, about a foot high, weak. L. usually 6 

 in a whorl, discoloured at the tip, shortly acuminate. Fr. dark 

 brown. Wet places. P. VII. VIII. E. S. I. 



13. G. pahis'tre (L.) ; /. 4 in a whorl broadly linear broader 

 upwards blunt, midrib slender, panicle diffuse, fr-st. straight, 

 spreading at right angles, fr. smooth. Continuing green. St. 

 1 2 feet high, slender, usually branched. Fl. small, white. 

 St. and branches nearly smooth. L. narrow, lowest usually in 

 sixes, upper in fours of which 2 are smaller. On dry ground 

 the 1. are broader, those of the barren shoots often obovate : 

 then known by its blunt 1. and downward prickly stems. 

 G. Witheringii (Sm.) differs only by having rough edges to the 

 leaves. A very strong form, much larger in all respects, is the 

 G. elongatum (Presl). Var. microphyllum (Lange) has narrower 

 and shorter 1. E. B. 1857. Wet places by ditches and rivers 

 P. VI. VII. E. S. I' 



4. RU'.BIA Linn. Madder. 



1. JR. peregrina (L.) ; 1. 4 6 in a whorl elliptic or lanceolate 

 shining smooth above without veins the margin and keel rough 

 with leflexed bristles. E. B. 851. Old st. terete ; shoots 

 spreading, square. L. rigid persistent. Fl. in panicled cymes. 

 Cor. rotate, 5- cleft ; lobes oval, suddenly narrowed into a 

 slender point. Stony and sandy thickets chiefly in the South. 

 P. VI. VIII. E. L 



