CARDUUS. 221 



31. CAR'DTJUS Linn. Thistle. 

 [Many hybrids apparently occur in this genus.] 

 * Pappus rough. CARDUUS Sm., DC., Koch. 



1. C. mUans (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuate, 

 heads solitary drooping hemispherical, phytt. lanceolate cottony 

 outer ones reftexed. E. B. 1112. St. 2 feet high, erect, angular, 

 furrowed, cottony, interruptedly winged. L. hairy on "both , 

 sides, with woolly veins beneath, pinnatifid with 3-lobed wavy 

 spinous-ciliate segments ending in strong spines. Heads large ; 

 fl. crimson ; unopened anth. purple. Inv. hemispherical, 

 internal phyll. contracted above the base and then lanceolate. 

 [A hybrid with Sp.2 (Newbouldi, H. C. Wats.) occurs.] Waste ground. 

 B. V. VIII. Musk-ThMe. E. S. I. 



2. C. cris'pus (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous-ciliate lanceolate 

 glabrous or cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes trifid and 

 dentate, heads roundish, phyll. linear- subulate erect or ascending. 

 E. JB. 973. St. about 3 feet high, continuously winged. Phyll. 

 not contracted above their base. a ; 1. lanceolate usually cottony 

 beneath, heads small clustered subglobular (or ovoid C. polyan- 

 themos Koch), phyll. ending in a weak spine, ped. winged to 

 the top, central tubercle of fr. not angular. (3. A. acantho'ides 

 (L.) ; 1. broadly lanceolate less downy beneath, head twice as 

 large solitary or rarely 2 or 3 together subglobular, phyll. 

 strongly spinous erect, ped. often naked at the top, central 

 tubercle of fr. 5-angled. Dry banks and waste places. /3 is the ^ 

 less common plant. B. ? VI. VIII. -E- S. I. 



3. C. pycnoceph 'alus (L.) l ; 1. decurrent sinuate spinous 

 broadly lanceolate cottony beneath, segments ovate lobed, heads 

 many crowded sessile subcylindrical, phyll. ovate-lanceolate 

 attenuate. .#. JB. 412. St. about 3 feet high, slightly branched, 

 with broad deeply lobed continuous spinous wings. L. deeply 

 sinuate 01 pinnatifid. Involucres nearly glabrous. Fl. pink. 

 Sandy places near the sea. B. ? VI. VIII. 



** Pappus feathery. CNICUS Linn., Sm. CIBSIUM Adans, 

 t Leaves spincus-hairy above, flowers purple. 



4. C. lanceoldtus (L.) ; I. decurrent white and cottony beneath 



1 This description refers to the common British form, C. tenuiflorus 

 (Curt.). The more typical C. pycnocephalus from Plymouth has hut 

 slightly winged long branches, bearing 1 3 larger heads, with more 

 spreading phyll. and the 1. densely cottony beneath. H. & J. G. 



