222 45. COMPOSITE. 



pinnatifid, lobes bifid with lanceolate entire segments each ter- 

 minated by a strong spine, involucres ovate shaggy, phyll. lanceo- 

 late spinous spreading. E. B. 107. St. 3 4 feet high, erect, 

 furrowed, hairy, with strong spinous wings. Heads terminal, 

 solitary or 2 or 3 together, large. Waste ground. JB. VII. VIII. 

 Spear" Thistle. E. S. I. 



5. C. enoph'orus (L.) ; /. half-clasping not decurrent white and 

 cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes bifid the segments lan- 

 ceolate entire alternately pointing upwards and downwards and 

 each terminated by a strong spine, involucres globose shaggy, 

 phyll. lanceolate with a long spinous-tipped reflexed point. 

 E. B. 386. St. 34 feet high, much branched, furrowed, hairy. 

 Root-1. 1 2 feet long, linear with long divergent lobes which 

 form double rows in a very regular manner. Stem-1. similar 

 but smaller. Heads verv large ; inv. covered with a dense 

 white web. A remarkably conspicuous plant. Waste ground 

 on a limestone soil. B. VIII. Woolly-headed Thistle. E. 



ff Leaves not spinous-hairy above. 

 a. Limb of the cor. 5-parted to its base. BREEA Less. 



6. C. arren'sis (Robs.) ; heads subdioecious, /. subsessile oblong- 

 lanceolate pinnatiiid spinous wavy, inv. ovoid subglabrous, phyll. 

 broadly lanceolate adpressed terminating in a short spreading 

 spine, rhizome creeping. E. B. 975. St. erect, 3 4 feet high, 

 leafy, angular, corymbose above. L. very spinous, sessile or 

 very slightly decurrent, varying greatly in width. f/3. sctosits ; 

 1. lanceolate flat entire or slightly lobed. Cir. setosum M. B. 

 [A less spinous form with some of the upper 1. entire, intermediate 

 between the type (horridus) and /3, is var. mitis (Koch, under Cirsium}. 

 y. argen'teus (Buch.- White) ; 1. densely white- torn entose beneath.] 

 Fields and roads. /3. Oulross and Kirkwall, S. [and many other 

 places]. P. VII. jS. IX. Creeping Thistle. E. S. I. 



b. Limb of the cor. 5-parted to Us middle. 



7. C. palus'tris (L.) ; /. decurrent lanceolate deeply pinnatifid 

 spinous, inv. ovoid crowded, JP&?/$. ovate-lanceolate adpressed 

 mucronate. E. B. 974. St. solitary, erect, 3 5 feet high, 

 wand-like, with wavy spinous wings throughout, slightly 

 branched. Heads in a terminal cluster, small. Fl. purple or 

 w r hite. Underside of the 1. usually cottony. Inv. with a slight 

 we b. Wet meadows. A. VII. VIII. E. S. I. 



8. C. praten'sis (Huds.) ; /. mostly^ radical lanceolate ivavy or 

 lobed pilose above cottony beneath fringed with minute prickles, 



