CARDUUS. 223 



stem-l. not decurrent few clasping, inv. globose solitary terminal 

 slightly cottony, phyll. lanceolate-attenuate adpressed mucro- 

 nate, rhizome creeping. E. B. 177. Cir. anylicum DC. St. 

 1 2 feet high, cottony, usually quite simple and single-headed, 

 leafless in the upper half with a few scaly bracts, springing 

 singly from the rhizome. L. broad, soft, sinuate-dentate, rarely 

 with small 2 3-fid lobes, not pinnatifid, fringed with small but 

 unequal prickles, lower 1. stalked. Occasionally there are 2 or 3 

 fl. on a stem. C. Forsteri (Sm.) is probably a hybrid between 

 this and C.palustris. It has 1. slightly decurrent lanceolate 

 all pinnatifid spinous cottony beneath, st. panicled, inv. ovoid 

 slightly cottony, root coespitose producing several stems. Sy. 

 E. B. 695. Boggy meadows. P. VI. VIII. E. I. 



9. C. tuberdsus (L.) ; 1. lanceolate deeply pinnatifid pilose 

 above hairy or slightly cottony beneath fringed with ruinute 

 prickles, stem-l. sessile not decurrent, lobes 2 3-fid, inv. ovoid 

 terminal 1 3 together slightly cottony, phyll. lanceolate mucro- 

 nate adpressed, root of elliptic tapering Jleshy Jibres. E. B. 2562. 

 Cir. bulbosum DC., Koch. Not stoloniferous. St. 2 feet high, 

 erect, round, hairy, leafless above the middle with a few minute 

 bracts. Lower 1. stalked, stem-l. nearly or quite sessile. May 

 be a hybrid between Sp. 2 and 10. C. Woodwardii (Wats.) 

 much resembles this, and may be a hybrid between C. acaulis 

 and C. pratemis. Sy. E. B. 696. Greatridge Wood near 

 Boyton, and at Avebury, Wilts. P. VIII, IX. E. 



10. C. acaulis (L.) ; /. glabrous radical lanceolate pinnatifid, 

 lobes subtrifid spinous, inv. ovoid glabrous nearly sessile mostly 

 solitary, outer phyll. ovate inner ones gradually longer adpressed, 

 root with filiform fibres. E. B. 161. St. 24. 16. St. usually 

 almost wanting ; sometimes 3 12 in. long, leafy, woolly. L. 

 all stalked, glabrous except a few hairs on the ribs beneath. 

 Heads very large, fl. crimson. /3. C. dubius (Willd.) ; st. much 

 branched woolly a foot or more in height. Willd. Fl. Berol. 

 f. 11. Perhaps a hybrid between this and C. arvensis. Dry cal- 

 careous pastures. /3. Saffron Walden, Essex. Mr. G. S. Gibson. 

 R VII. IX. Ground-Thistle. E. 



11. C. heterophyl'lus (L.) ; I. clasping not decurrent glabrous 

 above white and downy beneath lanceolate serrate fringed with 

 minute prickles, root-1. with long stalks clasping at the base, 

 heads ovoid truncate below slightly downy, phyll. ovate or 

 lanceolate acuminate adpressed. E. B. 675. Creeping. St. 

 3 4 feet high, furrowed, cottony, slightly branched above. 

 Heads large and handsome. L. very large, undivided or laci- 

 niate. C. Carolorum (Jenn. in Edin. Bot. Tr. ix. 257) seems to 



