not to expose the plants too suddenly to the in- 

 jurious effects of the bleak winds, or frosts of the 

 spring. In covering the plants, care must be ta- 

 ken not to smother them. 



3. The second year, if not removed before 

 the plants must be removed into the nursery 

 rows or beds, which must be prepared a.s for any 

 other crop. The ragged roots being taken off and 

 the tap root shortened, the plants must be plant- 

 ed out 1-2 inches apart in rows three feet apart, 

 the earth to be well trodden around the plant. 

 As before, the earth'must be kept open and free 

 from weeds, and be watered, as directed, in dry 

 seasons. 



4. It may be laid down as a general rule, that 

 the plants when a foot and a ha'f high are (it to 

 be transplanted into the nursery. They should 

 be taken up with great care, without injuring the 

 roots and divided into classes, planting those of 

 a size together. In transplanting them, their 

 roots should be a little shortened, and all tender 

 fibres, which may have been injured by the frost, 

 should be cut off. 



5. At two years old, the plants may be plant- 

 ed out into hedges, at 18 inches apart in rows 

 six feet wide. The ground should be prepared 

 as before directed, and some good rich mould 

 put into the holes,to be pressed around the plants. 

 If intended to be planted out as standard trees, 

 20 feet square apart would be a good distance; 

 but in that -use, the plants should not be trans- 

 planted until they are about an inch in diameter. 

 In either case they will require trimming and 

 topping, and if kept as hedges should be treated 

 as other hedges are. 



6. In every instance before planting in hed- 

 ges, or standard trees, the ground should pre- 

 viously have had the benefit of a meliorating 

 crop, as potatoes, carrots, parsnips, &.c. so that 

 the soil may have been put into the best pos- 

 sible condition for their reception, and in setting 

 them out, the holes or hedge rows, in which they 

 may be placed, should have the advantage of 

 a good rich compost, such as we have prescribed 

 for the seed beds. 



7. Standard tress should not be placed out 

 permanently until they have attained a height of 

 seven or eight feet. 



8. Whether the Morus JLlba or Moras Multi- 

 caulis be planted, we believe that the hedge form 

 will be found to be the most advantageous as well 

 as convenient mode ; the same given quantity of 

 land will produce at least forty per cent, more 

 leaves planted in hedges, than in standard trees, 

 the labor of gathering leaves is fully one-third 

 less, and the vegetation is much quicker, and 

 these it will be admitted, are considerations of 

 primary moment ; besides these advantages, the 

 trimming which the hedges will annually under- 

 go, will necessarily impart a more acceptable and 



delicate quality to their foliage. A few standard 

 trees should be kept on every estate, and parti- 

 cularly where situated in the interior, for the 

 purpose of keeping up regular supplies of seed, 

 and of making that of leaves doubly secure: 

 plants destined for standard trees should always 

 be selected from among the handsomest and 

 straightest plants. 



MANAGEMENT OP STANDARD TREES. 



When the plants are grown to the size of one 

 inch in diameter, and from 7 to 8 feet high, they 

 are fit to be planted out in the field where they 

 are permanently to remain ; make the holes suf- 

 ficiently large to admit the roots without diffi- 

 culty or crowding. The roots should be trim- 

 med, then press the earth around them as it is 

 filled in the hole. The transplantation may ei- 

 ther be done in the spring as soon as the frost 

 is out of the ground, or in autumn just after the 

 fall of the leaf. The latter period is preferred 

 by Mr. Smith, in order to let "the small fibrous 

 roots which convey nourishment to the tree have 

 time to prepare for their functions by the vegeta- 

 ting season the next spring." In planting out 

 standard trees, leave all the buds which the 

 young trees have pushed out on the top, till the 

 following spring, when none are to be left but 

 three or four branches to form the head of the 

 tree these should be so left as to form a circle 

 round the stem, and that the interior of the tree 

 may be kept open, all buds as they appear on its 

 aody should be pinched off for a few years. For 

 several years, the head of the young tree should 

 be thinned out, cutting off such branches as cross 

 others or take the lead of the rest; thus equili- 

 >rium in growth, and beauty in appearance, will 

 be effected. Every spring the young trees should 

 be dresed two or three feet around the trunk; 

 and stakes should also be placed by each at the 

 irne of planting to ensure straightness, and pre- 

 rent the ill consequences of being too muchagi- 

 ated by the wind in the early period of their 

 growth. 



MANAGEMENT OF HEDGES, &.C. 



Make your hedge rows, as before directed, 6 

 eet wide apart, plant the young trees 18 inches 

 apart, taking care that the two lowest buds be in 

 he direction of the line, (which should be 

 drawn straight) the plant to be cut down to 

 these two buds about half a foot above the 

 ground ; by the ensuing spring these buds will 

 have become two beautiful branches, when one 

 of them is to be pruned down to one foot and 

 always on one side of the plant; the branches of 

 the opposite side to be left untouched, but to be 

 bent in the direction of the hedge towards the 

 lopped branches, and fastened to them with wil- 

 low withs so as to form an arch. The third 

 spring the plants will have branches to form a 

 ;e, when they must be cut about two feet 



