138 A MANUAL OF ANATOMY. 



The fascia is described in several layers. 



1 i ) The first layer of the cervical fascia. 



This starts behind from the spinous processes of the 

 cervical vertebrae (through the ligamentum nuchae), encloses 

 the trapezius, receives a membranous expansion from the 

 transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae at the side of 

 the neck, passes forward to the posterior border of the 

 sternomastoid muscle, splits into two layers which enclose 

 the muscle and unite at its anterior margin, passes onward 

 and becomes continuous at the middle line with the similar 

 layer from the other side. 



Above, this first layer is attached to the lower border of 

 the jaw (from its angle being continued to the styloid pro- 

 cess of the temporal bone forming the stylomaxillary liga- 

 ment), and passing over the masseter muscle and parotid 

 gland as the masseteric and parotid fascias, is attached to the 

 lower border of the zygoma. Behind the ear this layer is 

 attached to the superior curved line of the occipital bone 

 and the mastoid process of the temporal bone (externally 

 and internally). Below, to the front of the clavicle, outer 

 margin of the acromion process, and the middle portion of 

 the spine of the scapula. 



In the middle line the first layer is also fastened to the 

 hyoid bone. 



(2) The second layer. This is given off from the inner 

 surface of the first layer along the posterior border of the 

 sternomastoid muscle. 



It passes forward, enclosing the omohyoid, sternohyoid, 

 and sternothyroid muscles, and unites in the median line 

 with a similar layer from the other side, also with the first 

 layer. 



Above, it reaches to the hyoid bone. Below, it is at- 

 tached to the inner margin of the manubrium and clavicle. 



