61 



B. DRY AND INDEHISCENT. 



(5) Nut, a one-seeded fruit with a hard, dry, pericarp 

 such as the acorn of the Oak. 



(6) Achene, a one-seeded fruit with a thin, leathery, 

 pericarp. 



(7) Caryopsis, similar to an achene but the pericarp is 

 closely adherent to the seed, the latter completely filling the 

 cell, whereas in the achene this is not so. 



(8) Samara, any dry indehiscent fruit which is provided 

 with a wing developed from the pericarp. 



C. SUCCULENT. 



(9) Berry, the whole pericarp with the exception of the 

 outer skin (epicarp) is succulent and the seeds are immersed 

 in the pulp. 



(If)) Drupe, the pericarp is differentiated into three layers; 

 the inner, or endocarp, is hard and forms the so-called stone 

 of the fruit, containing the seed, or seeds, and which may be 

 one or more celled. The stone is immersed in the mesocarp 

 which is generally succulent, while the epicarp forms a skin 

 over the mesocarp. The succulent mesocarp is sometimes 

 called the sarcocarp and the hard endocarp the putamen. 

 In the Mango the portion eaten is the sarcocarp and the 

 endocarp is fibrous. 



When a drupe is formed from a gyncecium composed of 

 more than one carpel and the carpels separate and give rise 

 each to a distinct endocarp, so that in the ripe drupe there is 

 more than one stone, each of these stones is called a pyrene, 

 as in Grewia. 



51, For describing the shape General 



of fruits, or seeds, the terms which have been noted above in Terms for 

 connection with other solid parts of plants may be used, thrshape of 

 such as fusiform, conical and so on. The terms given for flat Seeds and 

 surfaces are also employed for describing the outline (as seen 

 in elevation) of solid parts and in addition the following 

 terms are frequently used : 



cylindrical, elongated with circular cross section. 



spherical, round ; 



globose, or spheroidal, nearly spherical ; 



ovoid, an egg-shaped solid ; 



ellipsoid, an elliptical solid ; 



discoid, circular, and flat, or depressed, in centre ; 



compressed, flattened sideways ; 



