116 



some cases the seed or fruit is provided with outgrowths 

 which tend to make it buoyant and adapted for dispersal 

 by wind, such as the hairs on the seed of Holarrhena 

 antidysenterica and the wing of the seed of Oroxylum indicum 

 (Plate XII). In other cases the seed or fruit is adapted 

 for conveyance by water, such as are the seeds of Sissoo which 

 remain enclosed in the light pod, the latter serving as a float. 

 The wing-like outgrowths also of many seeds and fruits appear 

 to serve equally well for transport by water or wind. The 

 winged Sal fruit for instance is often carried considerable dis- 

 tances by water. In other cases the seeds are distributed by 

 animals which eat the fruit and excrete the undigested seeds. 

 The seeds of species of Zizyphus appear to be widely distri- 

 buted in this way by jackals. The seeds of species of Loran- 

 ihus are largely distributed by birds which eat the pulp of the 

 fruit and rub off the seeds on the branches when wiping their 

 bills. 



Sometimes the seeds are forcibly expelled to a considerable 

 distance by the bursting of the ripe fruit, as in the case of the 

 capsule of species of Impatiens. 



Finally, fruits, and rarely also the seeds, may be provided 

 with spines, hooks, or bristles, by means of which they adhere 

 to clothing, the hair or fur of animals, etc., and are thus carried 

 long distances. 



