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attacked shoots eventually shrivel up and turn black. As a 

 rule, the damage done is not great, the leading shoot not being 

 often attacked. The teleuto-spores may, also, be sometimes 

 found on the cone scales (see Fig. 1 (b) ). 



The needles of Pinus longifolia, the chir, are often seen to 

 produce prominent, flattened, reddish-yellow blisters, usually 

 about one-fifth of an inch long and one-tenth of an inch high. 



Those contain the spores (secidiospores) of the fungus 

 Peridermium complanatum. The mycelium lives in the 

 needles, but not much harm results. Sometimes the orange 

 blisters may be seen on the stem, or young branches, and as, in 

 such cases, the mycelium destroys the cambium and young 

 cortex the damage is more severe. This form on the 

 stem is considered to be a variety of the above fungus and 

 is distinguished by the name of corticola. 



Peridermium brevius (see Plate XV, Fig. 2) is a fungus closely 

 resembling the last which attacks the needles of Pinus excelsa. 

 The blisters are smaller than those caused by P. complanatum. 

 Chrysomyxa Himalense causes the very noticeable, orange -red 

 blisters often seen on the petioles of Rhododendron arboreum and 

 R. campanulatum. 



Gymnosporangium Cunninghamianum (see Plate XV, Figs. 

 3 and 4) is an interesting example, inasmuch as it is one 

 of the many species known in this group, which, for its 

 full development and completion of its life-history, requires to 

 live on two distinct species of plants. Part of its life is spent on 

 the cypress, Cupressus torulosa, and the remainder on the pear, 

 Pyrus Pashia. On the small branches and twigs of the cypress 

 homisperical, or elongated, dark brown spore masses (teleuto- 

 spores) arise, which, during moist weather, swell up enormously 

 into gelatinous masses. These soon become yellowish in colour 

 owing to the germination of the teleuto-spores and the forma- 

 tion of small, orange-red conidia, called sporidia, which are 

 abstricted from the teleuto-spore germ-tube as described in the 

 case of the resting spores of the Vstilaginaceae. These 

 conidia are capable of developing a mycelium in the leaves of 

 the pear. These leaves ultimately produce conspicuous, 

 thickened patches which may be |" in diameter, orange-red 

 above and yellowish below. On the lower surface of these 

 patches, little tubular structures are found, 1 2-mm. long, 

 which are called the aecidia and in which the aecidiospores are 

 produced. These spores on germination infect the cypress. 

 This fungus does a lot of harm to young cypress seedlings and 

 plants in Jaunsar. It is thought that the eradication of the 



