Iv - GARDEN BOTANY. 



L. Tartarica, TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE. An upright much branched 

 shrub, smooth, with cordate-ovate leaves ; flowers a single pair on an axillary 

 peduncle, rose or pink-colored, in spring, the two berries often united by their 

 bases as they grow. 



ORDER BUBIACE^l. MADDER FAMILY. 

 Manual, p. 168. The useful plant which gives its name to the order is 



1. Rubia tinctoria, MADDER. Like a Galium, but the parts of the 

 flower in fives, and the fruit a berry ; leaves in whorls of 6, rough-edged ; 

 flowers greenish or yellowish : cult, for its deep, perennial, red roots, which 

 furnish the well-known dye. 



ORDER VALERIANACEJE. VALERIAN FAMILY. 

 Manual, p. 175. Two are species common in gardens : 



1. Valeriana officinalis, COMMON VALERIAN. Stems tall and simple ; 

 leaves pinnate, with many lanceolate leaflets; flowers white or pinkisli ; 

 stamens 3. The strong-scented rootstock furnishes the Valerian of the 

 druggist. 



2. Centranthus ruber, RED VALERIAN. Smooth or glaucous, with 

 ovate-lanceolate entire leaves and light-red flowers (also a white variety), with 

 a spur, and only one stamen ; root perennial. 



ORDER DIPSACE.ZE. TEASEL FAMILY. 



Manual, p. 176. Besides the Fuller's Teasel, p: 177, a Scabious is com- 

 mon, viz. : 



1. Scabiosa atropurpurea, SWEET SCABIOUS, or MOURNING BRIDE. 

 The genus differs from Dipsacus in having round heads of flowers with soft 

 scales or bristles on the receptacle ; the corolla oblique, often 5-lobed, but 

 only 4 stamens ; the limb of the calyx a little cup bearing 4 or 5 long and 

 naked bristles or awns. Our cultivated species is an annual or biennial, with 

 pinnate leaves, a long-peduncled head of dark crimson-purple flowers, with 

 rose-colored and even white varieties. 



ORDER COMPOSITJE. COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



Manual, p. 177. There are many weeds, but not a great many commonly 

 cultivated plants of this order, considering that between an eighth or a tenth of 

 all flowering plants belong to it. There are, however, a good number of rarer 

 ornamental sorts, both of greenhouse and gardens, which we cannot here take 

 into account. 



* Juice of the stem not milky : strap-shaped corollas, if any, not bearing stamens. 



Pappus consisting of numerous bristles or hairs, 



With also a little bristly cup surrounding its base. . . 2. CALLISTEPHUS. 



With no outer cup, scales, or the like. 

 Involucre a single row of equal scales, or with only some 



very short ones at the base 16. SENECIO. 



Involucre imbricated. 



A row of strap-shaped marginal flowers, which are 

 Purple, blue, white, &c., never yellow. Man. p. 190. ASTER. 



Yellow, and very numerous and narrow. Man. p. 208. INTJLA. 



