GARDEN BOTANY. 



1. PimiS, PINE. Man. p. 421. The commoner exotic species are, 



P. sylvestris, SCOTCH PINE, wrongly called Scotch Fir, the common 

 Pine of N. Europe ; with leaves in twos, bluish, seldom over 2' long, a reddish 

 bark on the trunk, and small cones, the scales armed with a short deciduous 

 point 



P. Laricio, especially the var. Austriaca, AUSTRIAN PINE, has dark 

 green leaves like those of our P. riyida, but in twos, 3' to 5' long, and ovate- 

 conical cones 2' or 3' long. 



P. Cembra,,CEMBRAN PINE, of the Alps, &c., is a handsome small 

 tree, with the leaves in fives and much crowded on the branches ; the cones 

 ovate, erect, their scales not thickened on the back. 



P. excelsa, HIMALAYAN WHITE PINE, resembles our White Pine, but 

 has longer and whiter drooping leaves, and the cones (never produced here) 

 much longer. 



2. Abies, SPRUCE, FIR. Man. p 422. One European Fir is occasionally, 

 and a Spruce very commonly planted. 



A. pectinata, SILVER FIR. A handsome tree, not perfectly hardy in 

 the Northern States, resembling our Balsam Fir, but with leaves longer and 

 more decidedly two-ranked on the side branches, greener above ; cones 6' to 8' 

 long, with slender exserted points to the bracts. 



A. excelsa, NORWAY SPRUCE. A fine, hardy tree, with compressed- 

 4-angled needle-shaped leaves, like those of our Black Spruce, but longer, the 

 growth more vigorous, and the cylindrical cones hanging at the end of the 

 branches 4' to 6' long. 



3. Larix EuropSBa, EUROPEAN LARCH, is the species commonly planted, 

 a finer tree and of more rapid growth than the American, its leaves longer, 

 and its cones larger, 1^' long. 



4. Thuja orientalis, ORIENTAL ARBOR- VIT^E, is less hardy than ours ; 

 leaves furrowed down the middle ; cones roundish, the seeds crustaceous and 

 wingless, wherefore it has been separated as a genus, Biota. 



5. Cupressus sempervirens, ORIENTAL or TRUE CYPRESS. Not 



hardy at the North, in growth like our Red Cedar ; branchlets 4-sided, slen- 

 der ; cone globose, 1' in diameter, resembling that of Taxodium. 



6. 7. See the Manual, pp. 424, 425, for the species of these two genera. 



8. Taxus baccata, EUROPEAN YEW. Like our Yew botanically, except 

 that it becomes an erect tree : rarely grows well in this country. 



T. Hibemica, IRISH YEW, is a marked variety, with branches stiffly 

 erect, and the leaves equally spreading all round the branchlet instead of 

 two-ranked. 



9. Salisburia adiantifolia, GINKGO-TREE; of Japan, though hardy, 

 rarely flowers and does not fruit here. It is of the Yew Family, but of most 

 remarkable foliage, the leaves being wedge-shaped or fan-shaped, on a slender 

 petiole, with parallel simply forked veins in the manner of a Fern, the end or 

 margin erosely toothed or cleft. 



10. Cedrus, CEDAR, i. e. True Cedar (what are popularly called Cedars in 

 this country are Junipers, Cypresses, Arbor- Vitas, c.) is botanically between 

 Larch and" Pine, but nearer the former, from which it mainly differs in the 

 leaves being evergreen, therefore more rigid, and pungent, and the cones large, 

 short, and thick, with broad and thin scales, closely packed. The type is the 



