40 CArPARIDACE^E. (CAPER FAMILY.) 



with no proper partition. Style long. Seeds as in the Mustard Tribe. An- 

 nuals or biennials. (The ancient Greek name from pa, quickly, and <cuW, to 

 appear, alluding to the rapid germination.) 



1. R. RAPHANfSTRUM, L. (WlLD RADISH. JOINTED CHARLOCK.) Pods 



necklace-form, long-beaked ; leaves lyre-shaped, rough ; petals yellow, turning 

 whitish or purplish, veiny. A troublesome weed in fields, in E. New England 

 and New York. (Adv. from Eu.) 



The most familiar representatives of this order in cultivation, not already 

 mentioned, are 



CHEIRANTHUS CHEIRI, the well-known WALL-FLOWER. 



MATTH^OLA ANNUA, and other sorts of STOCK. 



HESPERIS MATRONXLIS, the ROCKET, which begins to escape from gardens. 



BRASSICA OLERACEA, of which the CABBAGE, KOHL-RABI, CAULIFLOWER, 

 and BROCCOLI are forms : B. CAMPESTRIS, which furnishes the SWEDISH TUR- 

 NIP or RUTABAGA : and B. RAPA, the COMMON TURNIP. The latter becomes 

 spontaneous for a year or two in fields where it has been raised. 



RAPHANUS SATIVUS, the RADISH; inclines sometimes to be spontaneous. 



LUNARIA BIENNIS, the MOONWORT or HONESTY, with its broad flat pods. 



IBERIS UMBELL\TA, the CANDY-TUFT, and ALYSSUM MARITIMUM, the 

 SWEET ALTSSUM. 



SATlvuM, the cultivated PEPPERGRASS. 



TINCT6RIA, the WOAD, of the division Nucitmcntacece, having inde- 

 hiscent 1 -celled fruit. 



ORDER 13. CAPPARIDACE^E. (CAPER FAMILY.) 



Herbs (when in northern regions), with cruciform flowers, Itut 6 or more 

 not tetradynamous stamens, a 1-celled pod with 2 parietal placentas, and Tdd- 

 ney-shaped seeds. Pod as in Cruciferae, but with no partition, often 

 stalked : seeds similar, but the embryo coiled rather than folded. Leaves 

 alternate, mostly palmately compound. Often with the acrid or pungent 

 qualities of Cruciferae (as is familiar in capers, the flower-buds of Cappa- 

 ris spinosa) ; also commonly bitter and nauseous. Represented within OJT 

 limits only by the following plant. 



1. PC t, AN I SI A, Raf. POLANISIA. 



Sepals 4. Petals 4, Avith claws, notched at the apex. Stamens 8 - 32, une- 

 qual. Receptacle not elongated, bearing a gland behind the base of the ovary. 

 Pod stalkless or nearly so, linear or oblong, veiny, turgid, manv-seedcd. 

 Fetid annuals, with glandular or clammy hairs. Flowers in leafy racemes. 

 (Name from TTO\VS, many, and avisos, unequal, points in which the genus differs 

 in its stamens from Cleome.) 



1. P. gra.veolCl.lS, Raf. Leaves with 3 oblong leaflets ; stamens about 

 11, scarcely exceeding the petals; style short; pod slightly stalked. Gravelly 



