VIOLACELfi. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 43 



7. V. cue ul! iita, Ait. (COMMON BLUB VIOLET.) Leaves all long- 

 pctioled and upright, heart-shaped with a broad sinus, varying to kidney-shaped and 

 dilated-triangular, smooth, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled 

 inwards when young, obtusely serrate ; lateral and often the lower petals bearded', 

 spur short and thick; stigma obscurely beaked or beakless. Low grounds, 

 common everywhere. April -June. Very variable in size, &c. and in the 

 color and size of the (usually large) flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue 

 or purple, sometimes nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes S'-IO 7 

 high. Passes by intermediate forms of all sorts into 



Var. palmata* (HAND-LEAF VIOLET.) Leaves variously Z-l-deft or 

 parted, or the earlier ones entire on the same individual. (V. palmata, L.) 

 Common, especially southward. 



8. V. villosa, Walt., Nutt. (HAIRY VIOLET.) Leaves mostly short- 

 petioled and lying Jlat on the ground, orbicular or round-heart-shaped with a narrow 

 or dosed sinus, hairy especially above, or nearly smooth, thickish ; lateral and 

 mostly the lower petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. (V. 

 cordifolia, Sdiwein. V. sororia, Le Conte, c., scarcely of Wittd.) Diy hilla 

 and woods, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and southward. April, May. Smaller 

 than the last, 2' - 4' high : " corolla reddish-blue." Probably only a round- 

 leaved variety of the next. 



9. V. sagittata, Ait. (ARROW-LEAVED VIOLET.) Smoothish or 

 hairy ; leaves on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, 

 varying from oblong-fieart-shaped to halberd-shaped, arrow-shaped, oblong-lanceolate 

 or ovate, denticulate, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasion- 

 ally all the (purple-blue) petals bearded'; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. ovata, Nutt., & V emarginata, Le Conte, are states of this variable species.) 



Dry or moist open places, New England to Illinois and southward. April, 

 May. Flowers rather large. 



10. V. delpllinifolia, Nutt. (LARKSPUR VIOLET.) Leaves all pal- 

 mately or pedately 5 - 7 '-parted, the divisions 2 -3-cleft ; lobes linear ; lateral petal* 

 bearded; stigma short-beaked. Rich prairie soil, Illinois and westward. April. 



Much resembles the next. 



11. V. pedata, L. (BIRD-FOOT VIOLET.) Nearly smooth; leaves all 

 3-5-divided, or the earliest only parted, the lateral divisions 2-3-parted, all 

 linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2-3-toothed or cut at the apex; petals 

 beardless; stigma neai'ly beakless. Sandy or gravelly soil, New England to 

 Illinois and southward. May. Flower large and handsome, 1' broad, pale or 

 deep lilac-purple or blue; the two upper petals sometimes deep violet and vel- 

 vety like a Pansy. 



* * Leafy-stemmed, from subterranean perennial rootstocks. 



-*- Stems leafy from the base to the summit, branching: flowei'S not yellow, sometimes 

 produced all summer long. 



12. V. rostra ta, Pursh. (LONG-SPURRED VIOLET.) Stems ascending 

 (3' -6' high); leaves roundish-heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute; stipules 

 lanceolate, fringe-toothed, large ; spur slender, longer than the pale violet beardless 

 petals ; style straight and slender ; stigma terminal, beakless. Shaded hill- 



