124 ROSACES. (ROSE FAMILY.) 



6. C. toment<sa, L. (BLACK or PEAR THORN.) Downy or villoua- 

 vubescent, at least when young, on the peduncles, calyx, toid lower side of the 

 leaves ; leaves thickish, rather large, oval or ovate-oblong, sharply toothed and 

 often cut, abruptly narrowed at the base into a somewhat margined petiole, the up- 

 per surface more or less furrowed along the veins ; flowers large (often 1 ' broad), 

 white ; fruit crimson or orange-red, usually large (' |' broad), globular or some- 

 what pear-shaped, edible. Thickets ; common. May, June. A tall shrub or 

 low tree, of many varieties, of which the following are the most marked. 



Var. pyrifolia. Leaves sparingly pubescent beneath when . young, soon 

 glabrous, smooth and shining above, often slightly cut-lobed ; fruit large, bright- 

 colored, sparingly dotted, of a pleasant flavor. (C. pyrifolia, Ait.) 



Var. piliictata. Leaves rather small, mostly wedge-obovate, with a 

 longer tapering and entire base, unequally toothed above, rarely cut, villous 

 pubescent when young, smooth but dull when old, the numerous veins more 

 strongly impressed on the upper surface and prominent underneath ; fruit glo- 

 bose, usually dull red and yellowish with whitish dots. (C. punctata, Jacq.) 



Var. inollis. Leaves rotmded, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base, soft-downy both sides, or at least beneath, very sharply doubly-toothed and 

 cut; fruit often downy. (C. subvillosa, Schrader. C. coccinea, var. ? mollk, 

 Torr. 8f Gray.) Michigan, Illinois, and south westward. 



7. C. Cms-gillli, L. (CocKSPUR THORN.) Glabrous; leaves thick, 

 shining above, wedge-obovate and oblanceolate, tapering into a very short petiole, 

 serrate above the middle; fruit globular, bright-red (' broad). Thickets. 

 June. Shrub or tree 10 - 20 high, with firm dark green leaves very shining 

 above, and slender sharp thorns often 2' long. This is our best species for hedges. 



* Corymbs simple few- (1 - 6-) floiuered : calyx, bracts, frc. glandular. 



8. C. f!a.v:i, Ait. (SUMMER HAW.) Somewhat pubescent or glabrous ; 

 leaves wedge-obovate or rhombic-obovate, nan-owed at the base into a glandular 

 petiole, unequally toothed and somewhat cut above the middle, rather thin, the teeth, 

 &c. glandular ; styles 4-5; fruit somewhat pear-shaped, yellowish, greenish, or 

 reddish ('-' broad). Sandy soil, Virginia and southward. May. Tree 

 15 -20 high, with rather large flowers, 2-6 in a corymb. 



Var. pubescens. Downy or villous-pubescent when young ; leaves 

 thickish, usually obtuse or rounded at the summit. (C. elliptica, Ait. C. glan- 

 dulosa, Michx. C. Virginica, Lodd.) Virginia and southward. 



9. C. parvifdlia, Ait. (DWARF THORN.) Downy ; leaves thick, obovate- 

 tpatulate, crenate-toothed (^'-1^' long), almost sessile, the upper surface at length 

 shining ; flowers solitary or 2 - 3 together, on very short peduncles ; calyx-lobes as 

 long as the petals ; styles 5 ; fruit globular or pear-shaped, greenish-yellow. 

 Sandy soil, New Jersey to Virginia and southward. May. Shrub 3 - 6 high 



17. PYRUS, L. PEAR. APPLE. 



Calyx -tube urn-shapett, the limb 5-cleft. Petals roundish or obovate. Sta 

 mens numerous. Styles 2-5. Fruit (pome) fleshy or berry-like ; the 2-5 car- 

 pels of a papery or cartilaginous texture, 2-seeded. Trees or shrubs, with 

 handsome flowers in corymbed cymes. (The classical name of the Pear-tree.) 



