UMBELLIFEE^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 149 



in hard, horn-like albumen. Stems usually hollow. Leaves alternate, 

 mostly compound, the petioles expanded or sheathing at the base. Um- 

 bels usually compound ; when the secondary ones are termed u-mbellcts : 

 each often subtended by a whorl of bracts (involucre and involucels). 

 A large family, some of the plants innocent and aromatic, others with 

 very poisonous (acrid-narcotic) properties ; the flowers much alike in all, 

 therefore to be studied by their fruits, inflorescence, &c., which like- 

 wise exhibit comparatively small diversity. The family is therefore a 

 difficult one for the young student See Addend. 



Synopsis. 



I. Inner face of each seed flat or nearly so (not hollowed out). 



Umbels simple or imperfect, sometimes one growing from the summit of another. 

 L HYDROCOTYLE. Fruit orbicular, flat. Leaves orbicular or rounded. 

 2. CRANTZIA. Fruit globular. Leaves thread-shaped, fleshy and hollow. 



* * Umbels or umbeUets capitate, imperfect : i. e. the flowers sessile in heads. 

 8. SANICULA. Fruit clothed with hooked prickles. Flowers polygamous. 

 4. ERYNGIUM. Fruit clothed with scales. Flowers in thick heads, perfect. 



* * Umbels compound and perfect ; i. e. its rays bearing umbellets. 



- Fruit beset with bristly prickles, not flat. 



6. DAUCUS. Fruit beset with weak prickles in. single rows on the ribs. 



- - Fruit smooth, strongly flattened on the back, and single-winged or margined at the junc- 

 tion of the 2 carpels (next to the commissure). 



6. POLYTJ5NIA. Fruit surrounded with a broad and tumid corky margin thicker than the 



fruit itself, which is nearly ribless on the back. 



7. HERACLEUM. Fruit broadly wing-margined : the carpels minutely 5-ribbed on the back : 



lateral ribs close to the margin. Flowers white, the marginal ones radiant. 



8. PASTINACA. Fruit wing-margined : ribs of the carpels as in No. 7. Flowers yellow, the 



marginal ones perfect, not radiant. 



9. ARCHEMORA. Fruit broadly winged : the 5 ribs on the back equidistant ; the 2 lateral 



ones close to the wing. Flowers white. Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate. 



10. TIEDEMANNIA. Fruit winged, much as in No. 9. Leaves simple, long and cylindrical, 

 hollow, with some cross partitions. 



4- +- +- Fruit smooth, flat or flattish on the back, and double-winged or margined at the edge, 



each carpel also 3-ribbed or sometimes 3-winged on the back. 



1L ANGELICA. Carpels with 3 slender ribs on the back ; a single oil-tube in each interval. 

 Seed not loose. 



12. ARCH ANGELICA. Carpels with 3 rather stout ribs on the back, and 2-3 or more oil- 



tubes in each interval, adhering to the loose seed. 



13. CONIOSELINUM. Carpels with 3 wings on the back narrower than those of the margins. 

 - *- - *- Fruit smooth, not flattened either way, or slightly so, the cross-section nearly orbic 



ular or quadrate ; the carpels each with 5 wings or strong ribs. 



14. 2ETHUSA. Fruit ovate-globose : carpels with 5 sharply keeled ridges, and with single oil- 



tubes in the intervals. 



15. LIGUSTICUM. Fruit elliptical : carpels with 5 sharp almost winged ridges, and with 



several oil-tubes in each interval. 



16- THASPIUM. Fruit elliptical or ovoid : carpels 5-winged or 5-ribbed, and with single oil- 

 tubes in each interval. Flowers yellow or dark purple. 

 - *- - *- *- Fruit smooth, flattened laterally or contracted at the sides, wingless. 



17. ZKLA. Flowers yellow. Fruit oval, somewhat twin : the carpels narrowly 5-ribbed : oil- 

 tubes 3 in each interval. Leaves compound. 



