152 UMBELLIFER^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 



5. DA tl US, Tourn. CARROT. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla irregular. Fruit ovoid or oblong; the carpols 

 scarcely flattened on the back, with 5 primary slender bristly ribs, two of them 

 on the inner face, also with 4 equal and more or less winged secondary ones, 

 each bearing a single row of slender bristly prickles : an oil-tube under each of 

 these ribs. Biennials, with finely 2 - 3-pinnate or pinnatifid leaves, cleft invo- 

 lucres, and concave umbels, dense in fruit. (The ancient Greek name.) 



1. I>. CAR6TA, L. (COMMON CARROT.) Stem bristly; involucre pinuati- 

 fid, nearly the length of the umbel. Spontaneous in old fields in certain places. 

 July - Sept. Flowers white or cream-color, the central one of each umbellet 

 abortive and dark purple. Umbel in fruit dense and concave, resembling a 

 bird's nest. (Adv. from Eu.) 



6. POL.YTJ&NIA, DC. POLYTJENIA. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Fruit oval, very flat, with an entire broad and thick corky 

 margin, the impressed back very obscurely ribbed : oil-tubes 2 in each inter- 

 val, and many in the corky margin. A smooth herb, resembling a Parsnip, 

 with twice-pinnate leaves, the uppermost opposite and 3-cleft, no involucres, 

 bristly involucels, and bright yellow flowers. (Name from TTO\VS, many, and 

 raivia, a Jillet, alluding to the numerous oil-tubes.) 



1. P. ]Ytitt;Illii, DC. Barrens, Michigan, Wisconsin, and southwest- 

 ward. May. Stem 2 - 3 high. 



7. HERACI^UM, L. COW-PARSNIP. 



Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit as in Pastinaca, but the oil-tubes shorter than the 

 carpels (reaching from the summit to the middle). Petals (white) inversely 

 heart-shaped, those of the outer flowers commonly larger and radiant, appearing 

 2-cleft. Stout perennials, with broad sheathing petioles and large flat umbels. 

 Involucre deciduous : involucels many-leaved. (Dedicated to Hercules.) 



1. H. lanfitum, Michx. Woolly; stem grooved; leaves 1 - 2-ternately 

 compound ; leaflets somewhat heart-shaped ; fruit obovate or orbicular. Moist 

 rich ground ; most common northward. June. A very large, strong-scented 

 plant, 4 - 8 high, in some places wrongly called Masterwort. 



8. PASTINACA, Toum. PARSNIP. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oval, flat, with a thin single-winged margin ; the 

 carpels minutely 5-ribbed ; three of the ribs equidistant on the back, the lateral 

 ones distant from them and contiguous to the margin : an oil-tube in each inter- 

 val running the whole length of the fruit. Petals yellow, roundish, entire ; none 

 of the flowers radiant. Chiefly biennials, with spindle-shaped roots, and pin- 

 nately-compound leaves. Involucre and involucels small or none. (The Latin 

 name, frompastus, food.) 



1. P. SAiivA, L. (COMMON PARSNIP.) Steir. grooved, smooth; leaflets 

 ovate or oblong, obtuse, cut-toothed, somewhat shining above. Fields, fee- 

 July. (Adv. from Eu.) 



