/G8 RUBIACE.fi. ^MADDER FAMILY.) 



6. V. iu1>sceiis, Pursh. (DOWNY ARROW-WOOD.) Leaves ovate or 

 oblong-ovate, acute or pointed, coarsely toothed, rather strongly straight-veined, 

 the lower surface and tfie very short petioles velvety-downy ; cymes peduncled ; fruit 

 ovoid. Rocks, W. Vermont to Wisconsin and Kentucky. June. Shrub 

 straggling, 2 -4 high. (V. molle, Michx. is probably a form of this.) 



* * Leaves 3-lobed, roundish ; the lobes pointed. 



7. V, acerifolium, L. (MAPLE-LEAVED AKROW-WOOD. DOCK- 

 MACKIE.) Leaves 3-ribbed and roundish or heart-shaped at the base, downy under- 

 neath, coarsely and unequally toothed, the veins and stalks hairy ; cymes long- 

 peduncled, many-flowered ; fruit oval ; filaments long. Rocky woods, common. 

 May, June. Shrub 3 - 5 high. 



8. V. pailCiflorum, Pylaic. Smooth, or nearly so ; leaves mostly trun- 

 cate and 5-ribbed at the base, with 3 short lobes at the summit, unequally serrate 

 throughout ; cymes small and simple, peduncled ; filaments shorter than the corolla. 

 Cold woods, mountains of N. Hampshire and New York ; Wisconsin and north- 

 ward. (V. Oxycoccus, var. eradiatum, Oakes.) A low straggling shrub, with 

 larger leaves than No. 7, sen-ate all round, and less deeply l^bed than in No. 9. 



2. 6PULTJS, Tourn. Marginal flowers of the cyme destitute of stamens and 

 pistils, and with corollas many times larger than the others, forming a kind of 

 ray, as in Hydrangea. 



9. V. OpulilS, L. (CRANBERRY-TREE.) Nearly smooth, upright; leaves 

 strongly 3-lobed, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate at the base, the spreading lobea 

 pointed, toothed on the sides, entire in the sinuses ; petioles bearing stalked 

 glands at the base; cymes peduncled; fruit ovoid, red. (V. Oxycoccus and V. 

 edule, Pursh.) Shrub 5 -10 high, showy in flower. The acid fruit is used 

 as a (poor) substitute for cranberries, whence the name High Cranberry-bush, c. 



The well-known SNOW-BALL TREE, or GUELDER-ROSE, is a cultivated state, 

 with the whole cyme turned into large sterile flowers. (Eu.) 



10. V. laiitanoides, Michx. (HOBBLE-BUSH. AMERICAN WAYFAR- 

 ING-TREE.) Leaves round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at the base, closely 

 serrate, many-veined ; the veins and veinlets underneath, along with the stalks 

 and branchlets, very scurfy with rusty-colored tufts of minute down ; cymes sessile, 

 very broad and flat ; fruit ovoid, crimson turning blackish. Cold moist woods, 

 New England to Penn. and northward, and southward in the Alleghanies. May. 



A straggling shrub ; the long, procumbent branches often taking root. Flow- 

 ers handsome. Leaves 4' - 8' across. 



ORDER 56. RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.; 



Shrubs or herbs, until opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules, 

 or rarely in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent with the 2 -4- 

 cetted ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla (3 - 5), 

 and inserted on its tube. Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amphitro- 

 pous. Embryo commonly pretty large, in copious hard albumen. A very 

 large family, the greater part, and all its most important plants (such as 



