COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 179 



- - Receptacle chaffy. 



Bays neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile. 

 Receptacle elevated (varying from strongly convex to columnar), and 



Chaffy only at the summit ; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none. . No. 51. 



Chaffy throughout. Achenia flattened laterally If at all. . .96-40. 



Receptacle fiat. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales or chaff. . 41, 42. 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Achenia much flattened laterally, 1-2-awned 43. 



Achenia flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none. ... 53. 



Achenia 3 - 4-angular. terete or laterally flatfish, awnlesa. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected. .... 52. 

 Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. 



Achenia obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup. 32. 



Achenia 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales .85. 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple. 33, 34. 



Rays pistillate and fertile : the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



Receptacle chaffy 25-28. 



Systematic Synopsis. 



TEIBI I. VERNONIACEJE. Heads discoid ; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubn- 

 lar. Branches of the style long and slender, terete, thread-shaped, minutely bristly- 

 hairy all over. Leaves alternate or scattered. 



L VERNOXIA. Heads several - many-flowered, separate. Involucre of many scales. Pap- 

 pus of many capillary bristles. 



2. BLEPHANTOPUS. Heads 3-5-flowered, crowded into a compound head. Involucre of 

 8 scales. Pappus of several chaffy bristles. 



TRIBE II. EUP ATORIACE^E. Heads discoid, the flowers all alike, perfect and tu- 

 bular ; or hi a few cases dissimilar, and the outer ones ligulate. Branches of the style 

 thickened upwards or club-shaped, obtuse, flattish, uniformly minutely pubescent ; the 

 stigmatic lines indistinct. 



Subtribe 1. EUPATORIEJB. Flowers all perfect and tubular, never truly yellow. 



* Pappus a row of hard scales. 



8. SCLEROLEPIS. Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre equal. Leaves whoried. 



* * Pappus of slender bristles. 



4. LIATRIS. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus plumose or barbellate. Corol- 

 las red-purple, 5-lobed. 



6. KUHNIA. Achenia many -ribbed. Bristles of the pappus very strongly plumose. Corollas 

 whitish, 5-toothed. 



6. EUPATORIUM. Achenia 5-angled. Bristles of the pappus roughish. Scales of the invo- 



lucre many or several. Receptacle of the flowers flat. 



7. MlKANIA Achenia and pappus as No. 6. Scales of the involucre and flowers only 4. 



8. CONOCLLNIUM. Achenia, pappus, &c. as No. 6. Receptacle conical. 



Subtribe 2. TUSSILAGINRS. Flowers (sometimes yellow) more or less monoecious or dioecious 



at least of 2 sorts in the same hea<t 

 * Outer flowers of each (many-flowered) head pistillate and ligulate. Scape leafless 



9. NARDOSMIA. Heads corymbed. Flowers somewhat dioecious. Pappus capillary. 



10 TtJSSILAGO. Head single ; the outer pistillate flowers in many rows. Pappus capillarv 



* * Flowers all tubular. Stem leafy. 

 11. ADENOCAULON. Head few-flowered ; the outer flowers pistillate. Pappus none. 



TRIBE HI. ASTEROIDEJE. Heads discoM, with the Cowers all alike and tubuiar ; or 

 radiate, the outer ones ligulate and pistillate. Branches of the style in the pel feet flow- 



