COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 185 



* * # Pappus not plumose to the naked eye : corolla smooth inside. 



4. Li. scariosa, Willd. Stem stout (2 -5 high) pubescent or hoary ; 

 leaves (smooth, rough, or pubescent) lanceolate; the lowest oblong-lanceolate or 

 obovate-oblong, tapering into a petiole; heads few or many, large, 30 - 40-flowered ; 

 scales of the broad or depressed involucre obovate or spatulate, very numerous, with dry 

 ajid scarious often colored tips or margins. Dry sandy soil, New England to 

 Wisconsin, and southward. A widely variable species: heads 1' or less in 

 diameter. 



5. L.. pildsa, Willd. Beset with long scattered hairs ; stem stout; leaves 

 linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated; heads few, 10-15-flowered; scales of the 

 top-shaped or bell-shaped involucre slightly margined, the outer narrowly oblong, very 

 obtuse, the innermost linear. Mountains of Virginia and southward. Rare and 

 obscure. Perhaps a remarkable state of L. spicata ; but the flowers themselves 

 as large as in No. 4. 



6. Li. spicata, Willd. Smooth or somewhat hairy; stems very leafy 

 (2 -5 high) ; leaves linear, the lower 3- 5-nerved ; heads 8-12 flowered ('- 

 ' long), crowded in a long spike; scales of the cylindrical-bell-shaped involucre 

 oblong or oval, obtuse, oppressed, with slight margins ; acJienia pubescent or smoothish. 



Moist grounds, common from S. New York to Wisconsin and southward. 

 Involucre somewhat resinous, very smooth. 



7. L,. graiilinifdlia, Willd. Hairy or smoothish; stem (l-3high) 

 slender, leafy; leaves linear, elongated, 1 -nerved; heads several or numerous, 

 in a spike or raceme, 7-12-flowered; scales of the dbconical or obovoid involucre 

 spatulate or oblong, obtuse or somewhat pointed, rigid, oppressed ; achenia hairy. 

 Virginia and southward.' Inflorescence sometimes panicled, especially in 



Var. dubia. Scales of the involucre narrower and less rigid, oblong, often 

 ciliate. (L. dubia, Bat-ton.) Wet pine barrens, New Jersey and southward. 



8. It. pycnostachya, Michx. Hairy or smoothish: stem stout (3 -5 

 high), very leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear; spike 

 very thick and dense (6' -20' long) ; heads about 5-flowered (^' long) ; scales of the 

 cylindrical involucre oblong or lanceolate, with recurved or spreading colored tips. 

 Prairies, from Indiana southward and westward. 



$ 2. Stem simple or branched above, not from a tuber : heads small, corymbed or pan- 

 icled, 4- \Q-flowered: involucre little imbricated: lobes of the coroUa ovate: pappus 

 not plumose. 



9. Li. odoratissima, Willd. (VANILLA-PLANT.) Very smooth; leaves 

 pale, thickish, obovate-spatulate, or the upper oval and clasping ; heads corymbed. 



Low pine barrens, Virginia and southward. Leaves exhaling the odor of 

 Vanilla when bruised. 



10. It. paniClllata, Willd. Viscid-hairy; leaves narrowly oblong or 

 lanceolate, smoothish, those of the stem partly clasping, heads panicled. Vir- 

 ginia and southward. 



CARPHPHORUS, Cass., differs from Liatris in having some chaff amcng the 

 flowers ; and C. TOMENx6su8 perhaps grows in S. Virginia. 



