198 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.; 



spring, and yepa>v, an old man, suggested by the hoary appear* Jice of some of 

 the vernal species.) 



1. C-3SN6TUS, Nutt. Rays inconspicuous, in several rows, scarcely longer than 

 the pappus: disk-corollas 4-toothed : pappus simple : annuals and biennials: head* 

 very small, cylindrical. 



1. E. Caiiadcnse, L. (HORSE-WEED. BUTTER-WEED.) Bristly- 

 hairy; stem erect, wand-like (5' -5 high); leaves linear, mostly entire; those 

 from the root cut-lobed ; heads very numerous, panicled. Waste places ; a com- 

 mon weed, now widely diffused over the world. July - Oct. Ligules much 

 shorter than their tube, white. 



2. E. divai'icsitiim, Michx. Diffuse and decumbent (3'-6 ; high) ; leaves 

 linear or awl-shaped; heads loosely corymbed; rays purple: otherwise like No. 1. 

 Illinois, Kentucky, and southward. 



2. EUERf GERON, Torr. & Gr. Rays elongated, crowded in one or more 

 rows : pappus simple. (Erect perennials : heads somewhat corymbed.) 



3. E. bcllidifolillin, Muhl. (ROBIN'S PLANTAIN.) Hairy, producing 

 offsets from the base; stem simple, rather naked above, bearing few (1-9) largo 

 heads on slender peduncles, root-leaves obovate and spatulate, sparingly 

 toothed ; those of the stem distant, lanceolate-oblong, partly clasping, entire ; 

 rays (about 50) rather broadly linear, light bluish-purple. Copses and moist 

 banks; common. May. 



4. E. PhiladelplliClim, L. (FLEABANE,) Hairy ; stem leafy, cor- 

 ymbed, bearing several small heads ; leaves thin, with a broad midrib, oblong ; 

 the upper smootliish, clasping by a heart-shaped base, mostly entire ; the lowest 

 spatulate, toothed ; rays innumerable and very narrow, rose-purple or flesh-color. 

 (E. purpureum, Ait.) Moist ground; common. June -Aug. 



$ 3. STENACTIS, Cass. Some of the outer bristles of the pappus short and 

 minute, or rather chaffy: otherwise as 2. 



5. E. glabelllllll, Nutt. Stem (6' -15' high) stout, hairy above, the 

 leafless summit bearing 1-7 large heads ; leaves nearly glabrous, except the 

 margins, entire, the upper oblong-lanceolate and pointed, closely sessile or 

 partly clasping, the lower spatulate and pctiolcd; rays (more than 100, purple) 

 more than twee the length of the hoary -hispid involucre. Plains, St. Croix 

 River, Wisconsin, and northward. June. 



4. PHALACROL.6MA, Cass. Rays numerous, but nearly in a single row, 

 conspicuous : pappus plainly double, the outer a crown of minute cJ\affy-bristlf.-form 

 scales ; the inner of scanty capillary bristles which are deciduous, or entirely want- 

 ing in the ray : annuals and biennials. 



6. E. amiuiim, Pers. (DAISY FLEABANE. SWEET SCABIOUS.) Stem 

 stout (3 -5 high), branched, beset with spreading hairs; leaves coarsely and 

 sharply toothed ; the lowest ovate, tapering into a margined petiole ; the upper 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute and entire at both ends ; heads corymbed ; rays white, 

 tinged with purple, not twice the length of the bristly im o lucre. (E. hetero- 

 phyllum, Muhl. E. strigosum, Bigel.) Fields and waste places; a very 

 common weed. (Nat. in Europe. ) June - Aug. 



