COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILT.) 215 



top, with no pappus, or a minute crown-like border. Chiefly perennial herbs, 

 with alternate leaves, and showy heads terminating the stem or branches ; the 

 rays generally long and drooping, yellow. (Named in honor of the Professors 

 Rudbeck, father and son, predecessors of Linnaeus at Upsal.) 



* Disk columnar in fruit, dull greenish-yellow : leaves divided and cut. 



1. R. luciiiifitci, L. Stem smooth, branching (3 -7 high); leaves 

 smooth or roughish, the lowest pinnate, with 5-7 cut or 3-lobed leaflets ; upper 

 leaves irregularly 3 - 5-parted ; the lobes ovate-lanceolate, pointed, or the upper- 

 most undivided ; heads long-peduncled ; chaff truncate and downy at the tip ; 

 rays linear (l'-2' long), drooping. Low thickets ; common. July- Sept. 



* # Disk globular, pale brownish : lower leaves 3-parted : receptacle sweet-scented. 



2. R. Sllbtomentdsa, Pursh. Stem branching above (3 -4 high), 

 downy, as well as the lower side of the ovate or ovate-lanceolate serrate leaves ; 

 heads short-peduncled ; chaff downy at the blunt apex. Prairies, Wisconsin, 

 Illinois, and southward. 



# # * Disk broadly conical, dark purple or brown : leaves undivided, except No. 3. 



3. R. triloba, L. Hairy, much branched (2 -5 high), the branches 

 slender and spreading ; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, sparingly toothed, the lower 

 3-lobed, tapering at the base, coarsely serrate (those from the root pinnately parted 

 or undivided); rays 8, oval or oblong; chaff" of the black-purple disk smooth, 

 awned. (g) Dry soil, Penn. to Illinois, and southward. Aug. Heads small, 

 but numerous and showy. 



4. R. speciosa, Wender. Koughish-hairy (l-2 high), branched; tho 

 branches upright, elongated and naked above, terminated by single large heads ; 

 leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, petioled, 3 - 5-nerved, coarsely 

 and unequally toothed or incised ; involucre much shorter than the numerous elon- 

 gated (I'-lJ') rays; chaff of the dark purple disk acutish, smooth. Dry soil, 

 W. Pcnn. to Ohio and Virginia. July. 



5. R. fulgida, Ait. Hairy, the branches naked at the summit and bear- 

 ing single heads ; leaves spatulate-oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, triple-nerved, 

 the upper entire, mostly obtuse; rays about 12, equalling or exceeding the involucre ; 

 chaff of the dark purple disk nearly smooth and blunt. Dry soil, Penn. to 

 Kentucky and southward. Variable, 1 - 3 high : the rays orange-yellow. 



6. R. Ill rta, L. Very rough and bristly-hairy throughout ; stems simple 

 or branched near the base, stout (l-2 high), naked above, bearing single 

 large heads; leaves nearly entire; the upper oblong or lanceolate, sessile; the lower 

 spatulate, triple-nerved, petioled ; rays (about 14) more or less exceeding the 

 involucre; chaff of the dull brown disk hairy at the tip, acutish. Dry soil, "VV. 

 Xew York to Wisconsin and southward. ]S"ow common eastward, in meadows, 

 of receat introduction, with grass-seed from the West. June Aug. Coarser 

 and less showy thau the preceding, variable in the size of the rajs. 



38. LEPACHYS, Raf. (OBELISCARIA, DC.) 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays few, neutral. Scales of the involucre 

 few and small, spreading. Receptacle oblong or columnar : the chaff truncate 



