221 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



or point. Erect, branching herbs, with alternate leaves decurrent on the angled 

 stem and branches, which are terminated by single or corymbed (yellow, rarely 

 purple) heads; often sprinkled with bitter and aromatic resinous globules. 

 (Named after Helen, the wife of Muielaus.) 



1. H. aiitinimale, L. (SNEEZE-WEED.) Nearly smooth ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, toothed ; rays longer than the globular disk. 1J. Alluviul river-banks ; 

 common (except in New England). Sept. Plant l-3 high, bitter: the 

 corymbed heads showy. 



47. L.EPTOPODA, Nutt. LEPTOPODA. 



Kays neutral. Otherwise nearly as in Helenium. In the true species (of 

 which L. puberula and L. brevifolia may be found in S. Virginia) the stems are 

 simple, naked above, like a long peduncle, and bearing a single head (whence 

 the name, from XeTrros, slender, and irovsjfoot) ; but the following is leafy to the 

 top, and branched. 



1. Ij. bracliypoda, Torr. & Gray. Stem corymbed at the summit (1 

 -4 high); leaves oblong-lanceolate, decurrent on the stem; disk globular, 

 brownish; rays pretty large ('-f long), yellow, or in one variety brownish- 

 purple, sometimes with an imperfect style. IJ. Damp soil, from Illinois south- 

 ward. June -Aug. 



48. BAJLDW1NIA, Nutt. BALDWINIA. 



Heads globular, many-flowered, radiate ; the long and narrowly wedge-shaped 

 rays neutral. Involucre short, of many thickish small scales imbricated in 3 or 

 4 rows, the outer obovate and obtuse. Receptacle strongly convex, with deep 

 honeycomb-like cells containing the obconical or oblong silky-villous achenia. 

 Pappus of 7 - 9 lance-oblong erect chaffy scales. A perennial herb, smoothish, 

 with slender simple stems (2 -3 high), bearing alternate oblanceolate leaves, 

 and the long naked summit terminated by a showy large head. Hays yellow 

 (!' long) ; the disk-flowers often turning dark purple. (Named for the late Dr. 

 William Baldwin.) 



1 . B. imiflora, Nutt. Borders of swamps, Virginia and southward 

 Aug. 



49. HI A US HAL. 1.1 A, Schreb. MARSHALLIA. 



Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of tho 

 involucre linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, erect, in one or two rows, nearly equal. 

 Receptacle convex or conical, with narrowly linear rigid chaff among the flowers. 

 Lobes of the corolla slender, spreading. Achenia top-shaped, 5-angled. Pap- 

 pus of 5 or 6 membranaceous and pointed chaffy scales. Smooth and low 

 perennials, with alternate and entire 3-nerved leaves, and solitary heads (re- 

 sembling those of a Scabious) terminating the naked summit of the simple stem 

 or branches. Flowers purplish ; the anthers blue. (Named for Humphry 

 Marshall, of Pennsylvania, author of one of the earliest works on the trees and 

 shrubs of this country.) 



