EUPHORBIACE^fi. (SPURGE FAMILY.) 387 



mostly with a browH-purple spot in the centre ; peduncles equalling the petioles, 

 crowded in lateral dusters; glands of the involucre minute, with a petal-like 

 somewhat crenate margin ; pod acutely angled, puberulent ; seeds ovate, ash-colored 

 (!'' iong), sharply 4-angled, and with about 4 grooves across each of the con- 

 cave sides. (E. thymifolia, Pursh. E. depressa, Toir.) Gravelly open places, 

 everywhere. 



6. E. hypericifolia, L. (LARGER SPOTTED SPURGE.) Ascending or 

 erect (1 -2 high) ; leaves oblique at the obtuse or slightly cordate base, ovate- 

 oblong or oblong-linear, serrate (^'-l' long), often with a red spot or red 

 margins ; peduncles longer than the petioles, collected in loose leafy cymes at the sum- 

 mit of the branches ; appendages of the involucre small, round, and entire ; pod 

 glabrous, obtusely angled; seeds obtusely angled, wrinkled and tubercled (" long 

 or nearly), blackish. Rich soil in open places ; very common. 



$ 2. Leaves destitute of stipules, all opposite: involucres solitary and peduncled, in the 

 forks of the stem : root perennial. (Oppositifoliae.) 



7. E. Ipeca.cua.ubse, L. (WiLD IPECAC.) Stems many from a very 

 lung perpendicular root, erect or diffusely spreading (5'- 10' long), forking from 

 near the base ; leaves varying from obovate or oblong to narrowly linear, entire, 

 almost sessile, glabrous ; peduncles elongated ($'-!' long) ; glands of the invo- 

 lucre 5, equal, not appendaged; pod long-pedicelled, obtusely angled, nearly 

 smooth; seeds ovate, flattened, white, marked with impressed dots. Sandy 

 soil, near the coast, New York to Virginia, and southward. May - July. 



4 3. Leaves destitute of stipules, alternate or opposite : involucres all crowded in a 

 terminal cluster, bearing a few cup-shaped glands : root annual. (Cyathophorae.) 



8. E. dentata, Michx. Erect or ascending, hairy (lhigh); leaces al- 

 ternate lor opposite, ovate, lanceolate or linear, petioled, coarsely toothed (l'-2' 

 long) ; involucres almost sessile, with 5 ovate laciniate lobes and a stalked gland, 

 and sometimes with 2 or 3 ; seeds globular, tubercled. Rich soil, Ohio to 

 Illinois and southward. July, Aug. 



9. E. cyathophorii, Jacq. Ascending or erect (l-3 high), gla- 

 brous ; leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-fiddle-shaped and sinuate-toothed, or lanceo- 

 late, or linear and entire : involucres about the length of the peduncle, with 5 ovate 

 incised lobes and a single sessile gland ; seeds globular, tubercled. W.Illi- 

 nois and southward. July. Upper leaves mostly with red margins or base. 



$ 4. Leaves destitute of stipules, alternate or scattered up to where the Jlowering begins, 

 the jloral ones opposite or whorled, all commonly sessile : stem erect : flowering 

 branches umbellate! y forked : involucres in the forks and terminal. (Umbellate.) 

 * Glands of the involucre 5, entire, with (white) petaMike appendages : perennial. 



10. E. corollftta, L. (FLOWERIXG SPURGE.) Glabrous or sometimes 

 sparingly hairy (2 -3 high) ; leaves ovate, lanceolate, or linear, entire, obtuse ; 

 umbel 5- (3-7-) forked, and the forks again 2-3- (rarely 5-) forked ; involucres 

 long-peduncled ; pods slender-pedicelled, smooth ; seeds globular, slightly tuber- 

 cled. Rich or sandy soil, W. New York and New Jersey to Wisconsin and 

 southward. June -Aug. Conspicuous for the showy false lobes of the invo- 

 lucre, which appear like 5 white petals, the true lobes minute and incurved 



