394 UBTICACEJE. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 



1. C. Conrdtiii, Torrey. Diffusely branched, nearly smooth; drupe 

 very small, dry and juiceless when ripe. (Empetrum, Torr. Tuckermania, 

 Klotzsch. Oakesia, Tuck.) Sandy pine barrens and dry rocky places, New 

 Jersey, Long Island ; Plymouth, Massachusetts ; Bath, and islands of Penob- 

 scot Bay, Maine. (Also Newfoundland.) April. Shrub 6' -9' high: the 

 sterile plant handsome in flower, on account of the tufted purple filaments and 

 brown-purple anthers. (Gray, Chlor. Bor.-Am. t. 1.) 



ORDER 104. URTICACE^E. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 



Plants with stipules, and monoecious, dioecious, or sometimes (in the Elm 

 Family) perfect flowers, furnished with a regular calyx, free from the l-celled 

 (rarely l-celled*) ovary which forms a l-seeded fruit; the embryo in the albu- 

 men when this is present; the radicle pointing upwards ; the stamens as many 

 as the lobes of the calyx and opposite them, or sometimes fewer. Cotyledons 

 usually broad. Stipules often deciduous. A large order (far the greater 

 part tropical), comprising four well-marked suborders, viz. : 



SUBORDER I. ULMACE.ZE. THE ELM FAMILY. 



Flowers perfect or monoeciously polygamous. Filaments straight or 

 moderately incurved in the bud. Styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara or 

 drupe. Seed suspended. Trees, with a watery juice (no active or nox- 

 ious properties), and alternate leaves. 



* Fruit dry winged or crested (a samara) : anthers extrorse. 



1. ULMUS. Flowers mostly perfect. Ovary- 2-celled, 2-oyuled. Fruit l-celled, winged all 



round. Embryo straight. 



2. PLANEKA. Flowers polygamous. Ovary l-celled. Fruit wingless, many-crested. 



* * Fruit a drupe : anthers introrse. 



3. CELTIS. Flowers polygamous. Ovary l-celled. Cotyledons curved and crumpled. 



SUBORDER II. ARTOCARPE.ZE. THE BREAD-FRUIT & FIG FAM. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious, crowded in catkin-like spikes or heads ; 

 the calyx, &c. becoming fleshy or juicy in fruit, but the 1- (rarely 2-) 

 celled ovary ripening as a dry achenium. Styles or stigmas commonly 2. 

 Mostly trees or shrubs, with a milky or yellow (acrid or poisonous) 

 juice, and alternate (rough or smooth) leaves. Stamens inflexed in the 

 bud, and elastically spreading when the flower opens, in the Tribe MORE^E. 



4. MORTJS. Fertile and sterile flowers in separate spikes. Stamens 4. Calyx berry-like in 



fruit. 



SUBORDER III. URTICE^E. THE NETTLE FAMILY. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Filaments transversely wrinkled and 

 inflexed in the bud, straightening or spreading elastically when the flower 

 opens. Style or stigma simple. Ovary always l-celled, with an erect or- 

 thotropous ovule, forming an aehenium in fruit. Embryo straight in the 



