JUGLANDACE^E. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 401 



pyramidal ovaries mixed with little scales. Style rather lateral, awl-shaped, or 

 thread-like, simple. Nutlets coriaceous, small, tawny-hairy below, containing a 

 single orthotropous pendulous seed. Embryo in the axis of thin albumen. 

 (The ancient name, from irXarvs, broad, in allusion to the ample shade of its 

 foliage.) 



1. P. occideiitalis, L. (AMERICAN PLANE or SYCAMORE.) Leaves 

 angularly sinuate-lobed or toothed, the short lobes sharp-pointed ; fertile heads 

 solitary, suspended on a long peduncle. Alluvial river-banks; very common, 

 especially westward. May. A very large and well-known tree, with a white 

 bark separating early in thin brittle plates. 



ORDER 106. JUGLANDACE^. (WALNUT FAMILY.; 



Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, without stipules ; the sterile flowers in 

 catkins (aments) with an irregular calyx ; the fertile solitary or in small clus~ 

 ters, with a regular 3 - 5-lobed calyx adherent to the incompletely 2 - ^-celled 

 but only 1-ovuled ovary. Fruit a kind of dry drupe, with a bony endocarp 

 (nut-shell), containing a large -lobed orthotropous seed. Albumen none. 

 Cotyledons fleshy and oily, sinuous, 2-lobed : radicle short, superior. Pet- 

 als sometimes present in the fertile flowers. A small family of important 

 trees, consisting chiefly of the two following genera, 



1. JUGL.AXS, L. WALNUT. 



Sterile flowers in long and simple lateral catkins ; the calyx adherent to the 

 entire bracts or scales, unequally 3-6-cleft. Stamens 8. -40: filaments very 

 short. Fertile flowers solitary or several together on a peduncle at the end of 

 the branches, with a 4-toothed calyx, bearing 4 small petals at the sinuses. 

 Styles 2, very short : stigmas 2, somewhat club-shaped and fringed. Fruit with 

 a fibrous-fleshy indchiscent epicarp, and a mostly rough irregularly furrowed 

 endocarp or nut-shell. Trees with strong-scented or resinous-aromatic bark, 

 &c., nearly naked buds (3 or 4 superposed, and the uppermost far above the 

 axil), and odd-pinnate leaves of many serrate leaflets. Pith in plates. (Name 

 contracted from Jovis glans, the nut of Jupiter.) 



1. J. Cinerca, L. (BUTTERNUT.) Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, pointed, 

 rounded at the base, downy, especially underneath, the petioles and branchlets 

 downy nn'th clammy hairs ; fruit oblong, clammy, pointed, the nut deeply sculptured 

 and rough with ragged ridges. Rich woods ; common. May : fruit ripe in 

 Sept. Tree 30 - 50 high, with gray bark and widely spreading branches ; 

 wood lighter-colored than in the next. 



2. J. nigra, L. (BLACK WALNUT.) Leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper- 

 pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal at the base, smooth above, the lower 

 surface and the petioles minutely downy ; fruit spherical, roughly dotted, the nut 

 corrugated. Rich woods; rare in the Eastern, very common in the Western 

 States. May : fruit ripe in Oct. A large and handsome tree, with brown bark, 

 and valuable purplish-brown wood turning blackish with age. Seed sweet, more 



