CUPULIFEE^;. (OAK FAMILY.) 405 



the ovoid large acorn. Low, alluvial grounds, &c. ; common from Penn. 

 southward. A fine tree ; its wood inferior to the White Oak. Acorn fully 

 1 ' long ; the cup of nearly the same diameter. 



Var. moaiticola, Michx. (KocK CHESTNUT-OAK.) Acorn ovoid-ob- 

 long, !' long. (Q. montana, Willd.) Apparently only a form of the Swamp 

 Chestnut-Ouk, growing in rocky or hilly woodlands ; W. New England to Ohio 

 and southward, especially along the Alleghanies. From the different soil, the 

 timber is more valuable. (Probably belongs to Xo. 5). 



Var. discolor, Michx. ( SWAMP WHITE-OAK.) Leaves unequally and 

 more deeply sinuate-toothed, often almost sinuate-pinnatijid, whitish-downy beneath, 

 bright green above ; cup with the scales more pointed, the upper sometimes 

 awned, and forming a fringed margin; acorns 1' or less long. (Q. bicolor, 

 Willd.) Low grounds ; common throughout. A marked variety ; but prob- 

 ably nothing more. 



5. <fc. Castfaiiea, Willd. (YELLOW CHESTNUT-OAK.) Leaves oblony- 

 lanceolate or oblong, acute, hoary-white and minutely downy underneath, equally 

 and rather sharply toothed; cup hemispherical, thin, of small appressed scales; 

 acorn ovoid or oblong, small. Rich woods, W. New England to Wisconsin 

 and southward. This has the leaves shaped more like those of the Chestnut 

 than any other, which, with the small fruit, distinguishes it from the last. Cup 

 ' across, fine-scaled : acorns f ' long. Tree middle-sized. 



6. Q. prinoides, Willd. (CHINQUAPIN or DWARF CHESTNUT-OAK.) 

 Leaves obovate and lanceolate oblong, coarsely wavy-toothed, downy underneath ; 

 peduncles short or none; cup hemispherical, tliin; acorn ovoid, small (about as 

 large as in No. 5). (Q. Chinquapin, Pursh.) Sandy soil, New England, and 

 Albany, New York, to Ohio, Kentucky, and southward. Shrub 2 - 6 high. 



2. Fruit not maturing until the second year, sessile or nearly so : kernel bitter. 

 * Leaves evergreen, entire or nearly so, hoary beneath. LIVE OAKS. 



7. Q. virens, Ait. (LIVE OAK.) Leaves obtuse, coriaceous, oblong or 

 elliptical, hoary beneath ; cup top-shaped ; acorn oblong. Coast of Virginia and 

 southward. Farther south becoming a large and invaluable tree. 



8. Q. ciuerea, Michx. (UPLAND WILLOW-OAK.) Leaves acute, lance- 

 oblong, white-downy beneath; cup saucer-shaped; acorn globular. Pine barrens, 

 Virginia and southward. A small tree ; leaves more or less deciduous. 



* * Leaves deciduous, entire, narrow. WILLOW-OAKS. 



9. Q. Plicllos, L. ( WILLOW-OAK.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed 

 to both ends, smooth, light green ; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn globular. Sandy 

 low woods, Long Island and New Jersey to Kentucky and southward. Tree 

 30 -50 high, remarkable for the willow-like leaves, which are 3' -4' long 

 Fruit small. 



10. Q. imln'icaria, Michx. (LAUREL or SHINGLE OAK.) Leaves 

 lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, thickish, smooth and shining above, somewhat downy 

 underneath ; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn globular. Barrens and open woodlands, 

 New Jersey to Wisconsin and southward. Tree 30 -50 high; the wood 

 used for shingles in the Western States, whence the name. 



