SMILACE^E. (SMIL AX FA3IILY.) 463 



* * Leaves varying from oblong-lanceolate to linear, narrowed at the base into a short 

 petiole, 3 - 5-nerved, shining above, paler or glaucous beneath, many witfiout tendrils; 

 peduncles short, seldom exceeding the pedicels; the umbels sometimes panicled; 

 branches terete, unarmed. 



7. S. lanceolata, L. Leaves thin, rather deciduous, ovate-lanceolate or 

 lance-oblong ; berries red. S. E. Virginia and southward. June. 



8. S. laurifolia, L. Leaves thick and coriaceous, evergreen, varying from 

 oblong-lanceolate to linear (2^' -5' long) ; berries black, mostly 1 -seeded. Pine 

 barrens, New Jersey to Virginia and southward. July, Aug. 



f 2. COPROSMANTHUS, Torr. Stem herbaceous, not prickly: ovules mostly 

 in pairs in each cell : leaves long-petioled, membranaceous, mucronate-tipped : berries 

 bluish-black with a bloom. 



9. S. lierbficea, L. (CARRION-FLOWER.) Stem erect and recurving, 

 .or climbing ; leaves ovate-oblong or rounded, mostly heart-shaped, 7 - 9-nei~ved, smooth ; 

 tendrils sometimes wanting ; peduncles elongated (3' - 4' long, or often 6' - 8', 

 and much- longer than the leaves), 20 - 40-flowered. Var. PULVERULEXTA 

 (S. pulverulenta, Michx. & S. peduncularis, Muhl.) has the leaves more or less 

 soft-downy underneath. A shorter peduncled state of this is S. lasioneuron, 

 Hook. Moist meadows and river-banks ; common. June. Stem 3 - 6 

 long. Leaves very variable : petioles l'-3' long. Flowers exhaling the stench 

 of carrion. Seeds 6. 



10. S* taiimiiolm, Michx. Stem upright or climbing; leaves heart- 

 halberd-shapcd, 5-nerved, smooth; peduncles longer than the petioles. (S. tam- 

 noides, Pursh., not of L.) Pine ban-ens, New Jersey to Virginia and south- 

 ward. Leaves abruptly narrowed above the dilated heart-shaped base, tapering 

 to the apex. Berry (always?) 2-3-seeded. 



SUBORDER n. TRSLLIACEJC. THE TRILLIUM FAMILY. 



2. TRILIjIUUI, L. THREE-LEAVED NIGHTSHADE. 



Flower perfect. Sepals 3, lanceolate, spreading, herbaceous, persistent. 

 Petals 3, larger, withering in age. Stamens 6 : anthers linear, adnate, on short 

 filaments. Styles (or rather stigmas) awl-shaped or slender, spreading or re- 

 cnrved above, persistent, stigmatic down the inner side. Berry often 6-sided, 

 ovate, 3-celled (purple). Seeds horizontal, several in each cell. Low peren- 

 nial herbs, with a stout and simple stem rising from a very short and abrupt 

 tuber-like rootstock, naked below, bearing at the summit a whorl of 3 ample 

 and commonly broadly ovate leaves, and a terminal large flower. (Name 

 from trilix, triple; all the parts being in threes.) Monstrosities are not rarely 

 met with in some species, especially in Nos. 5 and 7, with the calyx and 

 sometimes the petals changed to leaves, or with the parts of the flower increased 

 in number. 



$ 1. Flower scssik and involucrate by the 3 leaves, erect ; petals varying from spatulate 

 to lanceolate, 1' 2' long, little exceeding the sepals, withering-persistent: stems 

 mostly two from the. same bud. 



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