LILIACEJE. (LILT FAMILY.) 471 



* * Flowers nodding, bell-shaped, the sessile sepals revolt. 



3. L,. Canadense, L. (WILD YELLOW LILY.) Leaves remotely whorled, 

 lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, the margins and nerves rough, flowers few, long- 

 peduncled, oblong-bell-shaped, the sepals recurved-spreading above the middle, or- 

 ange.spotted inside with brown. Moist meadows and bogs ; common, especially 

 northward. June, July. Stem 2 -3 high. Flower 2' -3' long. 



4. It. superbum, L. (TURK'S-CAP LILY.) Lower leaves whorled, Ian- 

 ceolate, pointed, 3-nerved, smooth ; flowers often many (3 - 20 or 40) in a pyram- 

 idal raceme ; sepals strongly revolute, bright orange, with numerous dark purple 

 spots inside. Rich low grounds ; rather common. July, Aug. Stem 3 - 7 

 high : sepals 3' long. L. Carolinian um, Mickx., is apparently a variety of this. 



L. CANDIDUM, the WHITE LILY, and L. BULBfFERUM, the ORANGE BULB- 

 BEARING LILY, are most common in gardens. 



11. ERYTHRONIUM, L. DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET. 



Perianth lily-like, of 6 distinct lanceolate sepals, recurved or spreading above, 

 deciduous, the 3 inner usually with a callous tooth on each side of the erect 

 base, and a groove in the middle. Filaments 6, awl-shaped : anthers oblong- 

 linear. Style elongated. Pod obovate, contracted at the base, 3-valved. Seeds 

 rather numerous, ovoid, with a loose membranaccous tip. Nearly stemless 

 herbs, with 2 smooth and shining flat leaves tapering into petioles and sheathing 

 the base of the 1 -flowered scape, rising from a deep solid-scaly bulb. Flower 

 nodding, vernal. (Name from cpvOpos, red, which is inappropriate as respects 

 the American species.) 



1. E. Americanum, Smith. (YELLOW ADDER'S-TONGUE.) Leaves 

 elliptical-lanceolate, pale green, spotted with purplish and dotted ; perianth pal 

 yellow, spotted near the base ; style club-shaped ; stigmas united. Low copses, 

 &c. ; common. May. Scape 6' - 9' high : flower i' or more long. E. BRAG- 

 TEXT UM, Boott, from the Camel's Rump Mountain, Vermont, is probably only 

 an accidental state of this species. 



2. E. silbiduiai, Nutt. (WHITE DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET.) Leaves el- 

 liptical-lanceolate, spotted, not dotted; perianth white or bluish-white ; sepals nar- 

 rowly lanceolate, the inner without lateral teeth; style thread-like and club- 

 shaped ; stigma 3-cleft. Low thickets from Albany, New York, and W. Penn- 

 sylvania to Wisconsin, and southward. April, May. 



12. Y 13 CCA, L. BEAR-GRASS. SPANISH BAYONET. 



Perianth of 6 petal-like (white) oval or oblong and acute flat sepals, wither- 

 ing-persistent, the 3 inner broader, longer than the G stamens. Stigmas 3, ses- 

 sile. Pod oblong, somewhat 6-sided, 3-celled, or imperfectly 6-celled by a par- 

 tition from the back, fleshy, tardily 3-valved at the apex. Seeds very many in 

 each cell, depressed. Stems woody, either very short, or rising into thick and 

 columnar palm-like trunks, clothed with persistent rigid linear or sword-shaped 

 leaves, and terminated by an ample compound panicle of showy (often polyga- 

 mous) flowers. (An aboriginal name.) 



